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25 October 2015, Volume 34 Issue 增刊 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Foreword 2015, 34(增刊): 1-1.  Abstract ( )   PDF (669KB) ( )

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Content of Important Products Created Independently by CNPC in 2014 2015, 34(增刊): 2-4.  Abstract ( )   PDF (902KB) ( )

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GeoEast Integrated Seismic Data Processing and Interpretation System (V2.0) Zhao Bo, Zhan Yi, Zhu Kuanhai 2015, 34(增刊): 4-7.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (1928KB) ( )   GeoEast V2.0 seismic data processing and interpretation software system is developed on the basis of GeoEast V1.0 after some functions of the software platform are improved and optimized, such as system control, information communications and data management. The new version is added with a series of creative results - seismic data processing, new interpretation function, super-large seismic data management, high-efficiency calculation of PC-Cluster group system, and unified system communications. With a series of relatively perfect conventional processing and interpretation functions for onshore and offshore 2D and 3D seismic data, GeoEast V2.0 is technologically leading in the areas of noise suppression, static correction of complex areas, complicated structural imaging, VSP and multiple data processing, identification of small faults and fractures, and selection and application of modern attributes. It can process and manage a hundred of TB data, process a thousand of CPU/GPU clusters in parallel, and jointly interpret a hundred of square kilometers of 2D and 3D data at the basin level, helping CNPC improve its geophysical technological competitiveness on the international market. It is one of the world’s few software systems that can provide full technological support for oil and gas exploration and development.

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GeoEast -ESP Microseismic Real-time Monitoring System (V1.0) Chu Fangdong, Li Yanpeng, Xu Gang, Liu Bo, Rong Qiaojun, Guo Xiaozhong 2015, 34(增刊): 8-11.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (1662KB) ( )   Unconventional oil and gas reserves, such as tight sandstone oil and gas, coalbed methane and shale gas, are becoming an important area for reserve growth at the present time and in the future. Hydraulic fracturing is an indispensible technology for unconventional oil and gas development. Microseismic monitoring can provide dynamic distribution of fractural network at real time while guiding hydraulic fracturing operation and appraising fracturing results. GeoEast-ESP bring about integration of acquisition, processing and interpretation of borehole and surface microseismic data during real-time monitoring, making technological breakthroughs in optimization of velocity model, noise suppression and real-time positioning. It shows the technology for noise attenuation and signal enhancement based on low signal-noise ratio microseismic signals and increases the on-field timeliness of automatic first arrival picking and positioning in microseismic events. It can combine the real-time monitoring results with fracturing curves as well as logging and seismic data for integrated interpretation. The positioning time under borehole monitoring is less than three seconds while the time under surface monitoring is less than 30 seconds. The on-field monitoring results can be submitted within 24 hours with the positioning error limited to less than 10 meters. This software package has been used in hydraulic fracturing operations for more than 200 wells at 17 oil and gas fields in China, providing technological support for adjustment of operational parameters and optimization of fracturing plans.

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NetLog - Well Logging Real-time Transmission and Cooperation Platform Lin Deqiang, Cai Chengding, Wang Yanfeng 2015, 34(增刊): 12-14.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (1699KB) ( )   NetLog is China’s first independently-developed logging IOT system, which connects oil and gas wells, logging equipment, processing platforms, professionals and oilfield application systems of different geographic locations by means of wideband satellite, wireless digital dedicated network, and 3G and 4G communications network. It can provide automatic data acquisition in the full logging process and online processing and remote control to coordinate the work of onsite logging equipment, base interpretation systems and remote technological experts, helping production managers make decisions in time and find and identify oil and gas intervals rapidly and accurately. The system is composed of three parts - site acquisition and transmission subsystem, base data processing and analysis center, and integrated application platform. The system is designed to have a transmission capacity of 50,000 well/times per year on average. It can satisfy the demand of 200 wells at the same time with real-time transmission. It can be connected to the domestic and foreign high-end logging equipment to complete conventional logging and special imaging logging services as well as other variety of logging services. Widely used in many domestic oil fields, the system optimizes logging service process, improves accuracy of data interpretation and logging efficiency and lowers the risks for exploration and development.

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CQ-MCP Layered Multi-stage Cluster Perforation Tool Ren Guohui, Tang Kai, Li Yanxi, Chen Huabing, Zhang Qingshan, Yang Dengbo 2015, 34(增刊): 15-17.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (1810KB) ( )   Unconventional oil and gas reservoirs of shale gas and compact oil and gas are low in porosity and permeability as well as difficult for production. They have higher requirements on exploration and development process technology. The layered multi-stage cluster perforation is the most effective oil testing and completion method at the present time. Under the condition that the wellbore is effectively communicated with the formations, this technology sends perforation pipe string and compound bridge plug to the target layer by means of wire transmission according to the pump design program. The intelligent selective excitation can complete bridge plug setting in connection to cluster perforation. The tool includes four main systems - bridge plug layered system made of easy-to-drill compound material, selective-exciting cluster perforation system, horizontal well pump system and high-pressure sealed wire BOP system - and three main software - selective exciting control software for cluster perforation, design optimization software for pump program and cluster perforation standardization software. There are five specifications and types. Perforation of 20 stages can be excited when the wire is tripped in at one time. The materials of cluster perforation tool can resist 150°C temperature and 140MPa pressure while compound bridge plug can resist 150°C and 70MPa. The wire wellhead BOP has a maximum working pressure of 105MPa. Application of the tool is accumulated to more than 400 well times with a 100 percent service success rate. It reduces the cost by 30 percent and improves efficiency more than two times, providing technological support for cost-effective development of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs.

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Selective Multi-stage Fracturing and Controlled Production Tool Wang Yishan, Zhou Junran, Guo Chao, Tian Xiaoyong, Dong Zhaopeng, Cui Yuanzong 2015, 34(增刊): 18-20.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (1597KB) ( )   To solve a series of technological bottlenecks for reservoir renovation, such as one-time application, small inner diameter, sequence, limited stages, mixed production and lack of follow-up stimulation measures, the selective multi-stage fracturing and controlled production tool is developed, which adopts an independent full-process selective service switch as its core technology. It installs an independent switchable sliding sleeve on each interval so that all the intervals are independent and free from each other’s interrelations and interference without limitation of stages. As a result, each interval is selective for fracturing service after well completion. The interval can be independently stimulated, tested, appraised and controlled in production, making well completion intelligent and services highly efficient. The tool is used for three straight wells and horizontal wells in Sulige gas field under different conditions, achieving a series of development results, such as extending service life of holes and increasing and stabilizing production on a long-term basis.

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Modified Vegetable Oil Used as Liquid Lubricant for Drilling Fluid BZ-RH-1 Li Guanghan, Huang Daquan, Su Jun, Long Tao, Tian Zengyan, Song Xuewen, Ma Hong 2015, 34(增刊): 21-24.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (1488KB) ( )   With scraped vegetable oil used as raw material, a low freezing-point and low fluorescent lubricant - BZ-RH-1 - is synthesized through formylation, esterification and ester exchange reaction. Based on evaluation of the synthesis conditions, the fluorescence grade of BZ-RH-1 is below Grade 4 and the freezing point is lower than -15°C. Lubrication coefficient reduced rate is higher than 90 percent when added 0.5 percent (volume ratio) in the drilling fluid. After the 180°C high-temperature aging, the lubrication coefficient reduced rate is still higher than 85 percent, showing a series of characteristics, such as salt resistance, temperature resistance, low fluorescence and environmental friendliness. The lubricant has a wide range of sources for raw material and low cost for synthesis. Based on field application of more than 350 wells, the lubricant can effectively reduce friction between drilling fluid and drilling tools with a good compatibility with various drilling fluid additives. It reduces load of drilling rig and meets the demand for drilling service of deep wells, highly-deviated wells and horizontal wells.

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CQ-BOL Biological Oil Lubricant Li Jinming, Chen Lei, Lin Wenjie, Zhang Zhenhuo 2015, 34(增刊): 25-27.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (1530KB) ( )   CQ-BOL biological oil lubricant is developed from waste cooking oil for drilling fluid. The biological oil lubricant can solve the technological problems of high torque and high friction existing in drilling of horizontal wells in Changqing area, which affect drilling safety and improvement of drilling rate. Indoor evaluation indicates that the reduction rate of lubricant coefficient is higher than 82.3 percent and the heat tolerance is up to 150°C. The biological oil lubricant is low in toxicity and free from fluorescence with a good compatibility with the existing drilling fluid system. It is used for more than 150 wells after it was successfully tested in horizontal wells in Changqing. Based on the onsite application, the friction coefficient of mud cake is controlled within the range of 0.0262-0.0524 and the extreme lubricant coefficient is less than 0.10 when the dosage of the biological oil lubricator is between 0.5 percent and 3 percent, providing drilling fluid with a good lubricating and friction-reducing function.

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CQ-EMWD System Liu Wei, Tan Qingming, Zhang Dongxu 2015, 34(增刊): 28-31.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (1600KB) ( )   Electromagnetic measurement while drilling (EM-MWD) system uses low frequency electromagnetic wave as signal carrier and does not depend on drilling cycling medium for signal transmission. It can be used for gas drilling, underbalanced drilling and complicated well status. However, low frequency electromagnetic signal, when transmitted in formation, is easily affected by formation resistivity, leading to a fast attenuation of the signal. As a result, the vertical depth of MWD is usually less than 3000 meters. A series of technology is developed for settlement of this problem, such as low frequency electromagnetic signal efficient emission technology, weak signal reception and decoding technology, high anti-vibration measurement technology and “measuring assembly + relay cable + emission assembly” modular relay transmission technology. CQ-EMWD electromagnetic measurement while drilling system is developed , which is tested in 21 wells for gas drilling, underbalanced drilling, water base drilling fluid and oil base drilling fluid. The vertical depth of measurement by using this system reaches 4326 meters, solving the MWD technological bottlenecks for gas drilling and underbalanced drilling of directional wells and horizontal wells as well as complicated well status. It provides good technological support for improvement of drilling rate and drilling efficiency and reduction of MWD cost.

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9000-meter Offshore Drilling Rig System Zhao Jingkun, Zhang Xiaoyu, Zhao Na, Shi Nannan, Di Lili, Zhang Xinglian, Liu Yu 2015, 34(增刊): 32-35.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (1509KB) ( )   To meet the demand for drilling of offshore deep wells and ultra-deep wells and accelerate localization of offshore equipment, the 9000-meter offshore drilling rig system is designed and developed, which is used for self-elevating offshore drilling platform. The rig system is composed of crown block, derrick, drilling floor, drawworks, drilling floor skidding system, drilling fluid circulation and purification system, oil, water and gas pipeline system, electrical control system and well control system. It is characterized for its advanced structure, powerful functions, high digitalization, light weight, operational safety and good transplantation capacity. The maximum hook load is 6750kN and able to meet the requirements of 300-feet and 400-feet offshore platforms. Meanwhile, it can satisfy the need for installation of automatic drilling tools, filling up a blank in domestic high-end offshore petroleum equipment.

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9000-meter Deepwater Drilling Package Huang Yuehua, Yu Xingjun, Wang Weixu, Zhao Tao, Wang Yaohua, Hou Min 2015, 34(增刊): 36-38.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (1567KB) ( )   To meet the demand for offshore deepwater oil and gas exploration, BOMCO has developed the 9000-meter deepwater drilling package on the basis of the existing onshore 9000-meter drilling rig. With adoption of modern design method, the overall weight of drilling package is controlled thanks to the efforts to improve the structures and materials of the main parts, such as conventional deep-well derrick of onshore drilling rig and large-power winch, and optimize the weight of various units. Technological research is focused on the overloaded rolling rig sliding device and overall positive pressure explosion-proof driller room in the light of the requirements for offshore drilling process, filling the domestic technological blanks in design and manufacture of offshore deep-well derrick, overloaded rolling rig sliding device, development of large-diameter diverter and overall positive pressure driller room. The first set of 9000-meter deepwater drilling package was delivered in early 2012 and used to drill dozens of wells abroad. All the facilities of the package have been under normal operation and reliable performance in the past three years. The 9000-meter deepwater drilling package is cost-effective and under mass production, breaking the technological monopoly of foreign offshore deep-well drilling rig.

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5000-meter Traction Rig (ZJ50/3150DBT) Huang Zhihu, Hou Wenhui, Li Yahui, Zhang Peng, Liu Zhitong 2015, 34(增刊): 39-42.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (1572KB) ( )   The 5000-meter traction rig (ZJ5-/3150DBT) is developed for Middle East users. Each unit module of the rig can be shifted as a whole thanks to design of unit module. All the modules can be connected and disconnected quickly. The main module of the rig can be moved with the mast up or with the substructure and mast moved separately, filling the domestic blank in this area. It leads the world in the areas of pressure-plus ex-proof driller’s cabin and p-quip system of mud pump. The rig can be moved quickly according to on-the-site service conditions of users, reducing the movement time of the rig and increasing its effective service time. It also breaks the long-term monopoly of European and American manufacturers over the high-end petroleum drilling equipment market in the Middle East, while improving China’s technological level of traction rig and increasing the country’s international competitiveness in this area.

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8000-meter AC Variable Frequency (DC) Driven Drilling Rig Zhou Tianming, Li Yahui, Chen Sixiang, Zhang Gemin, Li Kai 2015, 34(增刊): 43-45.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (1486KB) ( )   The 8000-meter AC variable frequency (DC) driven drilling rig, with a maximum hook load of 585 tons, is developed according to the drilling characteristics of foothill areas in Tarim Basin. The rig should a hook load of 500 tons when tripping in 273mm-diamater casing pipes. It can be electrically driven in two modes - AC variable frequency electric drive and DC electric drive - and adopts a 48-meter-high K-shaped derrick and a 10.5-meter high swing-up substructure. The winch has a new structure of two gears and four gears with a high performance. Based on the on-the-site industrial test, the rig entirely meets the need for modern drilling service in terms of performance indexes and quality indexes designed for hoisting system, rotating system, control system, power system and cycling system. The rig is superior in drilling deep wells in the foothill areas in Tarim, filling the blank for the well depth between 7000 meters and 9000 meters and perfecting the oil drilling rig family.

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F-1600HL High Pressure Drilling Pump Zu Huiling, Zeng Xingchang, Hao Jianxu, He Genliang, Zhou Xiaoming 2015, 34(增刊): 46-48.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (1514KB) ( )   F-1600HL high pressure drilling pump is developed to meet the demand of drilling process for deep well, super-deep well, horizontal well with a large displacement and high pressure jet drilling. The maximum discharge pressure of the pump is 52MPa, the highest pressure of the drilling pump with the same power in China at the present time and 50.7 percent higher as compared to F-1600 drilling pump. The maximum flow rate of the pump is 51.8L/s, 11.4 percent higher than F-1600 drilling pump. It adopts new structures and new technologies, such as a L-shaped cylinder, bimetal liner, high-pressure valve seat with stress relief groove, high temperature resistant and OBM resistant high-pressure piston and inner and outer surface of liner cooling installation. The reliability of the drilling pump is ensured owing to structural finite element analysis, optimized design and drilling fluid medium test. Currently, it has been successfully used in the rigs for drilling 7000-meter-deep wells and even deeper wells. This equipment provide powerful support for application of high-pressure jet drilling process.

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FFH75×500Z Diverter Zeng Qiao, Liu Wenxiao, Nan Shuqi 2015, 34(增刊): 49-51.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (1557KB) ( )   Diverter is an important unit of offshore drilling system equipment. FFH75×500Z diverter, with independent intellectual property rights, is developed to satisfy the demand for the self-elevating platform of 9000-meter offshore drilling package. This indicates that BOMCO has acquired the key technologies for design, manufacture and test of diverter. FFH75×500Z diverter has four specifications of high strength and tear resistant rubber cores that can meet the requirements for application under the rated working pressure of 3.45MPa. The diameter of supporting shell is 1194mm, suitable for ZP-945 rotating disc. The back export of the diverter adopts open sealing technology and depends on outer hydraulic pressure for seal clearance fit. The pressure-testing tool of the diverter can meet the demand for on-the-site installation and dismantlement of rubber cores and pressure test of diverter at the same time, simplifying the operational procedure on the field. This diverter is put into production and has been sold for six units. It passes the CCS appraisal and can be used for Dubai self-elevating platform.

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Drilling Engineering Software V1.0 Zhao Qing, Jiang Hongwei, Song Peng, Huo Zongqiang, Shi Xiaoyan, Yang Guang 2015, 34(增刊): 52-55.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (1499KB) ( )   Drilling engineering software V1.0 is a set of drilling design software which has independent intellectual property rights. It can help drilling engineers conduct drilling engineering designs for various well types, such as straight well, directional well and horizontal well, improving drilling design efficiency. This system is based on drilling engineering software platform configuration and unified database. It can make a complete series of designs for functional modules, including hole trajectory design, wellbore structure design, casing design, cement slurry design, hydraulics calculation analysis, drilling fluid design, analysis of drilling tool friction and torque, and data management of neighboring wells. Once drilling design is completed, a drilling engineering design report is automatically made in accordance with the drilling design format published PetroChina Exploration and Production Company. The design report can be also customized according to the requirements made by different oil fields, significantly reducing the time for editing reports in the design process. Field application indicates that this software can match with its foreign counterparts in terms of functional modules and calculation accuracy, satisfying the demand for drilling engineering design and analysis at various oil fields. Integrated drilling engineering design system improves China’s independent creativeness and original technological development capacity for drilling engineering design and process software, enhancing CNPC’s drilling engineering competitiveness.

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High Temperature Resistant and High Density Oil-based Drilling Fluid System - RD-ROM 2015, 34(增刊): 56-58.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (1406KB) ( )   Oil-based drilling fluid is widely used in high-temperature and high-pressure deep wells, high angle directional wells, horizontal wells with large displacement and ultra-strong water sensitive formations. It can effectively reduce downhole troubles and protect reservoirs. High temperature resistant and high density oil-based drilling fluid system is developed with independent intellectual property rights. The key treating agents include organic clay, primary/auxiliary emulsifiers, fluid loss additive and nano-blocking agent. Three oil-based drilling fluids are developed by using different kinds of base oil – diesel oil, white oil and GTL. The maximum density of oil-based drilling fluids can reach 2.6g/cm3 and resists temperature of 200°C, with an emulsion-breaking voltage surpassing 1000V. They can replace their foreign counterparts thanks to their good rheological property and settlement stability. This oil-based drilling fluid system is used for deep wells in Tarim and shale gas areas of Fuling, Changning and Huangjinba, showing a strong debris-carrying and blocking capacity. With the drilling rate obviously improved, the drilling period is shortened for 15 to 20 days on average.

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XZ-AVDS-I Automatic Vertical Drilling System Ai Caiyun, Hu Guoqiang, Li Xiaojun, Cheng Zhaohong 2015, 34(增刊): 59-62.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.017 Abstract ( )   PDF (1618KB) ( )   XZ-AVDS-1 automatic vertical drilling system can be used to effectively solve the drilling technological bottlenecks, such as piedmont high and steep structure, large-dip formation, overthrust nappe formation, so that the well inclination can be controlled continuously. The system is mainly composed of power system, measurement and control system and hydraulic pressure executive system. The system comes under test of hydraulic pressure module fatigue and service life, sealed pressure test, calibration of generator impeller and test of overall functions, before it is delivered to users. The product is developed in four sizes in two specifications - ?311/?333 and ?406/?445. Up to now, the system has been used for 12 wells in the oilfields of Xingjiang, Tarim and Yumen, with the footage accumulated to 8305 meters. The pure drilling time is 1739 hours, with a satisfactory result of anti-inclination and drilling rate. The system is mature for commercialized application in terms of adaptability, stability and accuracy of well inclination control.

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HB-W-100 Fracturing Fluid Recovery and Recycling Device Zhao Zhenfeng, Jiang Jihui, Ren Xiaorong, Ji Zhonglun 2015, 34(增刊): 63-66.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.018 Abstract ( )   PDF (1628KB) ( )   TAs Changqing Oilfield’s exploration and development is unfolded on a larger scale, the environmental issue becomes a focus of attention because water consumption and waste water increase year by year. Based on the design of functional module, the fracturing fluid recovery and recycling device is developed for oil and gas fields. The device is composed of a series of functional modules, such as oil and sand removal, coagulation - settlement - filtration - disinfection, sludge treatment and water quality testing. Each functional module can be combined with one another according to actual need, suitable for recovering and handling fracturing fluid under various conditions. The post-treatment water turbidity is low with the removal rates of suspended solids and high valence ion exceeding 90 percent and 70 percent separately. Suspended solids in the water is less than 10mg/L, petroleum less than 10mg/L, Ca2+ less than 100mg/L, Mg2+ less than 100mg/L, total ferrous content less than 10mg/L and pH 6.5 to 7.5, meeting the recycling requirements. This device has been used for more than 100 horizontal wells on blocks of Longdong, Ansai, Sulige and Jingbian of Changqing Oilfield. The recovery and recycling rate of fracturing fluid flowback exceeds 80 percent, saving more than 100,000 cubic meters of water and significantly lowering operational cost for production. The device has effectively solved the environmental issue in the oil areas.

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50×104m3/d Integrated Natural Gas Gathering Unit Zhang Lei, Liu Yinchun 2015, 34(增刊): 67-69.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.019 Abstract ( )   PDF (1495KB) ( )   Integrated natural gas gathering unit is developed to solve a series of problems in surface construction of Changqing Oilfield, such as short construction time, difficulty in investment control and extensive areas under management. To develop the device, the process and operational management of digital gas gathering stations (GGS) at Sulige gas field is analyzed to integrate and optimize the functions of different process areas of a digital GGS. Then, a new three-way valve and a new knock-out drum are developed. Finally, various types of pipe, process equipment, pressure vessels, intelligent control systems and electrical equipment are integrated into a skid. The unit is used for emergency shutdown, gas flow line venting, gas-liquid separation, process switching, metering, pigging, fuel gas supply, flashing and automatic drainage. It is suitable for a non-acidic GGS with medium to low pressure and replaces a conventional non-pressurized GGS at the gas field. When applied, the unit can shorten the construction period of a GGS for more than 15 days and reduces land use by more than 30 percent as compared to a digital GGS. Meanwhile, the investment for a GGS can be lowered by more than 10 percent. The integrated unit also improves the level of skid equipment and is convenient for operation and maintenance.

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Noise-reducing Device of Gas Pipeline Stations Wang Yubin, Miao Qing, Feng Wei, Yan Feng, Zhu Feng 2015, 34(增刊): 70-72.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.020 Abstract ( )   PDF (1461KB) ( )   BInvestigation is made on noise in the process areas of gas transmission pipeline stations, understanding range and distribution of noise that exceeds the related standards. The theories of fluid dynamics are used to analyze the internal flow field of noise source, thus acquiring the noise-generating mechanism. It is necessary to independently develop noise-reducing device for gas pipeline stations once the domestic and foreign noise-reducing technology is not suitable for handling noise of gas pipeline stations. A series of measures are adopted to improve the internal flow field characteristics of noise source, adding a baffle plate behind adjustment valve and installing a fairing behind the baffle plate, adjusting distribution of velocity flow field at adjustment valve, eliminating rushing waters, turbulence and shock wave of gas. As a result, noise of pressure-regulating valve, manifold and bent pipe is lowered, substantially solving the bottleneck that noise exceeds the related standard. This new-type noise-reducing device is structured with noise-eliminating segment, rectification segment and flange-connecting back-up plate. It is suitable for valve, manifold and pipe diameter. The device can be installed inside the pipe by means of flange, with a number of advantages, such as convenience in installation and dismantlement, cost-effectiveness and free from limitation of valve types. Field application indicates that noise is reduced to below the standard specified in the State regulation, helping keep employees of the pipeline stations in health.

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LNG Receiving Terminal Simulation and Training Software v1.0 Peng Shiyao, Huang Weiwei, He Bing, Zhao Jiali, Nie Chaofei, Wang Bo 2015, 34(增刊): 73-75.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.021 Abstract ( )   PDF (1646KB) ( )   LNG receiving terminal is characterized for its complicated process and sensitivity to the external environmental changes. Thanks to its difficult operation and management, the simulation and training software is usually adopted as calculation tools for personnel training and formulation of operational plan. Therefore, the LNG receiving terminal simulation and training software V1.0 is independently developed, which is based on process flow simulation and integrated with control logic and chain protection system simulation. It adopts a distributed network structure and systematically and comprehensively displays a series of functions, such as actual terminal process flow, operation of equipment, control logic, optimized operation and operational training. The structural design is unique for its integration, network and modules, satisfying the demand for large-scale training by big receiving terminals. The software has been basically industrialized at home and reached the advanced domestic technological level, gradually replacing the imported foreign products.

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Pig Online Tracing and Positioning System Qiu Honghui, Wang Haiming, Sun Wei, Tian Xiaozhong, Wang Xueli 2015, 34(增刊): 76-78.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.022 Abstract ( )   PDF (1619KB) ( )   The new-type tracing and positioning system of pig includes a management center of oil and gas transferring stations, indicators along the pipeline, and positioning devices and magnetic-transmitting devices equipped on the pig. The management center can remotely set the operating parameters of indicators by means of wireless mobile communication network. The indicators connect signals from passage of the pig and send the results from identification of signals to the management center. The positioning device can precisely locate the pig when it clogs in the pipeline. The magnetic launcher device transmits specific magnetic signals to facilitate tracing and positioning. This system traces the pig without manpower. When the pig is clogging, it can be located between the two adjacent indicators. Therefore, as compared to the original service, this system reduces labor intensity and cleaning cost if not influenced by the environmental, weather and traffic factors.

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X70 Steel Grade ?1240mm×25.6mm R6D Induction Bend Li Chao, Wang Kai, Li Mingyi, Guo Baoli 2015, 34(增刊): 79-81.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.023 Abstract ( )   PDF (1552KB) ( )   China needs more and more pipes of high steel grade and large diameter thanks to the country’s rapid construction and development of oil and gas pipelines. Correspondingly, there is a demand for large-diameter and thick-wall induction bend. This paper briefs about the production process of X70 steel grade ?1240mm×25.6mm R6D steel pipe. The bend is shaped by means of intermediate frequency heating. The influence of process parameters on shaping and material quality of this specific bend is analyzed, such as materials of mother pipe, heating temperature, pushing speed and temper point. Heating temperature and temper point are controlled under 950-1050°C and 500- 550°C while the width of heating zone is 50-70mm.With the process parameters and key points of production acquired, induction bend is produced according to the process standard, making breakthrough in production of ?1240mm×25.6mm induction bend.

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X80 Steel ?1219mm×27.5mm Induction Bend Bai Xuesong, Huangpu Xudan, Song Hongbing, Guo Baoli 2015, 34(增刊): 82-84.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.024 Abstract ( )   PDF (1672KB) ( )   X80 steel ?1219mm×27.5mm induction bend is developed and tested to meet the demand for bend pipes used for crossing of pipeline. Based on analysis of chemical components and mechanic function of mother pipe, the quenching coefficient is 5.81, meeting the requirements on strength and tenacity of bend. It is also brought under a series of tests for its tensile strength, Charpy impact, metallurgical structure, solidity and explosion. The series of experimental data shows that yield strength of bending pipe body is 633MPa, bend weld tensile strength 662MPa, and impact energy 306J on average. The average impact energy of weld joint and HAZ is 152J and 272J. The grain size is higher than Grade 10 after heat treatment. The maximum pressure of blasting test reaches 31.8MPa. All the performance indexes of the testes are higher than standard requirements.

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X80 Steel Grade ?1219mm and ?1422mm Heat Induction Bends Fu Yanhong, Bai Fuliang, Peng Lishan, Zhao Zhiwe, Li Zhengkun 2015, 34(增刊): 85-88.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.025 Abstract ( )   PDF (1537KB) ( )   Currently, China’s main pipeline projects usually use X80 steel grade ?1219mm thick-wall bend. X80 steel grade ?1422mm heat induction bend fills the domestic blank thanks to its high steel grade, large diameter, large wall thickness and complicated manufacturing process. Some technological bottlenecks were solved in development and manufacture of the bend, such as design of chemical components for thick-wall bend and toughness control, while innovating inner and outer simultaneous cooling technology, overall heating induction technology and final tempering heat treatment process to ensure functions of the bend. It is good for toughness and weldability with a long service life. The average yield strength of the bend body exceeds 580MPa and the average tensile strength is 650MPa. The yield ratio is less than 0.90. The average impact toughness of mother material exceeds 150J below -20°C while the average impact toughness of weld seam is higher than 100J below -20°C. The functional quality reaches the world’s advanced level.

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High-pressure and Large-scale Quick Switch Blind Plate Zhang Yuming, Luo Dingming, Shi Huiming, Liu Wenguang, Peng Wan 2015, 34(增刊): 89-91.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.026 Abstract ( )   PDF (1542KB) ( )   Eighty percent of high-pressure and large-scale quick switch blind plates needs to be imported from abroad thanks to their high safety and reliability as well as complicated structural design and strength calculation. replacing the imported foreign products High-pressure clamped quick switch blind and high-pressure and large-scale pressure ring quick switch blind are independently developed. This paper analyzes the shortages of traditional quick switch blind, selection of material, structural design and process optimization. A series of key technology has been developed for large-size spherical surface machinery processing, deformation control over key part welding, small-diameter deep pore on large parts and long-distance concentric hole processing and “lock ring” machinery processing. The reliability of the product reaches the advanced international level. It saves the cost by 20-30 percent and meets the demand of China’s large-scale and giant oil and gas engineering projects.

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New-type High-efficiency Combustion Furnace for Sulfur Recovery Peng Wan, Liu Wenguang, Luo Dingming, Song Jiufang, Zhang Yuming 2015, 34(增刊): 92-94.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.027 Abstract ( )   PDF (1875KB) ( )   The new-type high-efficiency combustion furnace for sulfur recovery includes main combustion furnace, reheating furnace and exhaust incinerator. It is mainly used for sulfur recovery at natural gas purification plant, petrochemical plant and coal-fired electricity generation plant. It is the key equipment in the Claus sulfur recovery process system. This paper introduces the key technological parameters, such as furnace temperature, furnace volume, designed pressure, and furnace wall temperature. Ring wall protection technology is adopted to effectively control the inner wall temperature in high-temperature furnace lining. Skid-mounted integration technology is developed to ensure long-term operation of production facility and reduce discharge of pollutants. The overall technology level is better than that of imported burner, breaking the monopoly of foreign products for sulfur recovery combustion furnace and ensuring the quality of natural gas surface construction projects.

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Pour-point Depressant for High Freezing and High Viscosity Crude Oil Shao Beili, Liu Rui, Meng Fan, Yang Yang, Wang Nan 2015, 34(增刊): 95-97.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.028 Abstract ( )   PDF (1631KB) ( )   The existing domestic and foreign pour point depressants (PPD) do not have good effects on high freezing and high viscosity crude oil produced in Sudan, Chad and Niger. With the physical properties of high freezing crude oil brought under in-depth analysis, graft copolymerization is adopted by introducing strong polar groups and fluorinated surfactants into graft ethylene copolymer resin under different crystallization temperature. As a result, a new-type PPD is developed to improve low-temperature flowability of high freezing and high viscosity crude oil produced in Sudan, Chad and Niger. The pour point depressing amplitude is no less than 8°C and the surface viscosity of freezing point is lowered more than 70 percent. It effectively lowers the piped transmission temperature and ensures the safety in operation of crude oil pipeline.

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High-efficiency Macromolecular Crude Demulsifier of D Series Li Shihong, Sun Yan, Li Guohui, Chu Haiqiang 2015, 34(增刊): 98-100.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.029 Abstract ( )   PDF (1484KB) ( )   This paper is focused on problems existing in dehydration process of inferior crude oil that is rich in oxygen, sulfur and other impurities. Element Si is introduced into the main chain of traditional demulsifier to improve the surface activity of demulsifier and eliminate the effect of stability that non-hydrocarbon compounds, such oxygen and sulfur, have on emulsified liquid. The emulsion will lose its stability by the effects of replacement while emulsion is formed in a structure of pectination by introducing a mass of branch chains, thus increasing steric hindrance of its film-forming and ensuring free movement of dispersive water drops. The characteristics of macromolecules improve demulsifier’s capacity to catch micro drops and its further dehydration effects. Based on the study of synergistic effect, the appropriate accessory ingredient is selected to compound with other demulsifier. As a result, the high-efficiency macromolecular crude demulsifier of D series is developed to solve the dehydration problems of high acidic and high sulfur crude oil, fulfilling the objective for further dehydration by lowering water cut of crude oil to less than 0.2 percent after dehydration. Demulsifiers of this series have been widely used in Africa’s oilfields, solving actual problems in production process and keeping oilfields in normal production.

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SAGD High-temperature and High-Efficiency Elevation Dehydration Separator Ling Yong 2015, 34(增刊): 101-103.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.030 Abstract ( )   PDF (1580KB) ( )   The SAGD produced liquid pretreatment device is developed to keep the quality of liquid in line with the standard after closed separation. The device adopts a horizontal elevation structure and its installation has a 12-degree angle with the ground. The container space can be used effectively thanks to the internal high-efficiency node element arrangement, thus bringing about oil-gas separation, oil-water separation and liquid-solid separation. The inner of the separator is free from dead-zone liquid. The design adopts overall stress analysis and calculation to optimize the support and structure of the container. Therefore, it has good separation results, high separation accuracy, reliable safety convenience for use and maintenance, and low cost for production and operation. The separator can be widely used in the high water-cut oilfields.

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Digital Employee-related Information Processing Platform Meng Yan, Sun Qian, Chen Zhe, Ma Liusheng, Zhou Mengwen 2015, 34(增刊): 104-106.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.031 Abstract ( )   PDF (1588KB) ( )   Petroleum enterprises are short of effective technological management method for field management of oil and gas production and transportation, work safety, engineering supervision and equipment maintenance. The traditional method of artificial records is used for training, operation and examination, thus resulting in a long work time and low efficiency. The digital employee-related information processing platform adopts a series of new technologies, such as mobile internet technique, cloud computing and internet of things. A new model of full-process monitoring management is created by means of mobile intelligent terminals to provide training, monitoring and examination on the basis of collective wisdom. As a result, the employees are provided with training at any time, put to work under the e-environment and examined with the help of data, improving the efficiency and intelligent level of production, office work and training courses.

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Well Integrated Monitoring and Control Cabinet Li Yuan, Wang Jingxin 2015, 34(增刊): 107-109.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.032 Abstract ( )   PDF (1519KB) ( )   Well integrated monitoring and control cabinet is independently developed to improve oil and gas production efficiency. The data are collected by means of the self-developed RTU and RMT modules to monitor and remote control the field signals of industrial equipment. This system includes data acquisition cabinet and acquisition and variable frequency integration cabinet. This paper introduces the functions and indexes of the system. Application of the system has reduced inspection times of production sites, saving onsite manpower and improving productivity. It is suitable for daily management of oil and gas production at oil and gas fields. The price of the core hardware is only one third of its foreign counterpart. The corresponding software is independently developed according to the demand of users.

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Station Integrated Monitoring and Control Cabinet Zhen Jianjun, Wang Jingxin 2015, 34(增刊): 110-111.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.033 Abstract ( )   PDF (1429KB) ( )   To improve intelligent control level of oil and gas fields and intelligent level of production management process, the latest Siemens technology is introduced from Germany to independently develop station integrated monitoring and control cabinet by means of integrated creation. The cabinet has the functions of automatic monitoring, close-loop control, safety interlock and remote control for all production processes of oil and gas metering stations and gathering stations at oil and gas fields. It can be used for real-time acquisition of key production parameters needed in the processes of stations, close-loop control and safety interlock of electric and pneumatic actuators, and automatic shutdown of the whole station under emergency. The cabinet can provide redundancy function according to users’ requirements. It can also provide multiple communications interfaces and communications protocols to inter-exchange and share data with host computer. The cabinet is safe and reliable in operation and its performance reaches China’s advanced level.

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KYGX High Pour-point Oil Modifying Agent Zhou Yuhe, Chen Jie, Chen Zhijun, Pu Tao, Zhu Ye 2015, 34(增刊): 112-115.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.034 Abstract ( )   PDF (1485KB) ( )   KYGX high pour-point oil modifying agent is developed to solve the problem of wax deposit in production of high waxy crude oil, a bottleneck for production particularly in the beach area under low temperature. A specially-structured pour-point inhibitor is synthesized, which is then compounded with a variety of surfactants. The modifying agent combines a variety of mechanisms, such as pour-point depressant wax removal, water film wax removal and emulsified dispersion wax removal. It has good effects on pour-point depression, reduction of viscosity and wax removal. The modifying agent was helpful to keep production stable and extend the wax removal period when it was used for different water-cut wells at beach oilfield and Changlu Oilfield in Dagang. The pour-point depression rate is 7-16°C, the viscosity-reducing rate 78.7 percent to 94.2 percent and the wax removal rate 94.4 percent on average. The single-well wax removal period can be extended three to ten times. As compared to its foreign counterparts, KYGX high pour-point modifying agent has a number of advantages, such as good effects on preventing wax deposit and a wide range of application. It is extremely suitable for development of high pour-point crude oil at beach oilfields and in the areas under low temperature.

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Integrated Welding Engineering Vehicle of Energy-saving and Mute Type Liu Yonghong, Zhang Baolin, Chen Tao, Gao Guanglin, Zhang Quanmin, Wang Jianhui 2015, 34(增刊): 116-119.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.035 Abstract ( )   PDF (1586KB) ( )   With rapid development of China’s long-distance pipelines, the requirements on pipeline constructors become higher and higher in the areas of technology and equipment, specialized management, and environmental protection. Modern pipeline construction has an urgent demand for development of a new-structured, energy-saving and environmental-friendly welding engineering vehicle. The integrated welding engineering of HMW-80B energy-saving and mute type adopts a new electricity-generation and welding integration technology and changes the traditional structure of welding engineering vehicle. The transmission structure of engine, electricity generator and hydraulic pump is creatively designed to improve transmission efficiency and electricity stability and apparently reduces energy consumption and accident rate. The transportation cost is effective reduced owing to reduction of the vehicle’s overall weight and size. Based on appraisal by the authoritative departments and field application, energy consumption is reduced 40 percent as compared to the products of the same kind, while noise falls reduced 70dB, making the vehicle a technological leader in China.

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XGF Combined Filter Separator Yang Yunlan, Ji Zhongli, Zou Feng, Xiong Zhiyi, Feng Yanli, Li Meng, Fan Xin, Liu Tao, Liu Zhihao, Li Wenyong, Sun Zhuorui 2015, 34(增刊): 120-122.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.036 Abstract ( )   PDF (1466KB) ( )   The compact, high-efficiency and energy-saving combined filter separator is developed on the basis of integrated and optimized design, research on core components and performance test, bringing about localization of the key technology for combined filter separator. The invented electric-driven quick-opening self-elevated blind flange and rotating structure solve the bottlenecks that large-scale vertical blind flange is opened by means of hoisting machine or lifting device without self-elevating function and rotating structure. The tangential multi-inlet double-cone spiral duct rotating separating element is independently developed, which is compact in structure, high in efficiency and low in pressure drop. Detachable cyclone separator and filtering coalescence component are optimized in design, reducing the height of equipment and improving its performance. The developed exclusive lifting device is tight-structured and convenient for operation.

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Calculation Software of Refined Oil Mixture Interface Guo Changbin, Li Guodong 2015, 34(增刊): 123-126.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.037 Abstract ( )   PDF (1817KB) ( )   Calculation software of refined oil mixture interface is focused on accurate monitoring of mixed transportation of refined oil products. It is proposed that the pipe segment flow interface method and station-by-station density inspection method be combined to calculate the batches of oil products. The pipeline segment model of the dynamic equivalent pipeline length and the density value measured by density meter are used to revise and identify the location of oil mixture interface through four steps - establishment of pipeline segment model, identification of interface location, revision of density value and revision of equivalent pipeline length. This software is used for the Lanzhou-Chengdu-Chongqing pipeline and western pipelines of oil products, achieving good application results.

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Mechanical Repair Workstation for Long-distance Oil and Gas Pipeline Wang Changjiang, Feng Cundong, Zeng Huilin, Xu Changxue, Yan Jie, Yu Jinzhu 2015, 34(增刊): 127-129.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.038 Abstract ( )   PDF (1546KB) ( )   Mechanical workstation for anti-corrosion and repair of long-distance oil and gas pipeline is developed to solve a series of technological issues existing in traditional manual heat shrinkable tape for joint coating, such as uncontrolled joint coating quality, strong influence of artificial factors, low construction efficiency, environmental pollution, waste of resources and high labor intensity. The workstation is mainly composed of environmental automatic derusting workstation, intermediate frequency heating workstation, and infrared heating workstation. Of those, environmental automatic derusting workstation is used for pipe surface treatment, intermediate frequency heating workstation is used for pipe-end preheating, and infrared heating workstation is used for shrinkage and tempering of heat shrinkable tape. Mechanical repair workstation is an important creation in terms of floating drive, automatic control, intermediate frequency soft startup, and infrared gradient heating. Engineering application indicates a series of advantages including high automation, stable and reliable performance, strong environmental adaptability, higher-than-required quality of joint coating, high construction efficiency, low labor intensity and environmental friendliness. It ensures operational safety and service life of pipelines and effectively lowers frequencies and expenses of pipeline maintenance in the later period.

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Optical Fiber Early-warning System for Pipeline Safety Jiao Shuhao, Wang Fei, Liu Sujie, Li Gang, Yang Wenming 2015, 34(增刊): 130-132.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.039 Abstract ( )   PDF (1668KB) ( )   Optical fiber early-warning system for pipeline safety is developed, which can solve the serious issue that the oil and gas pipelines are damaged by a third party. The system uses optical communications cable buried in the same ditch of the pipeline as the distributed vibration sensor to real-time monitor soil vibration within a certain area along the pipeline. It can acquire and analyze vibration signals to determine location of vibration and type of incident. The system can send alarm for timely maintenance once the pipeline is under artificial or mechanical damage, keeping the pipeline from safety accidents. The results of laboratory test and field application indicate that this system is highly sensitive and able to accurately locate soil vibration incidents along the pipeline with the locating error limited to less than 20 meters.

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YG Oil Pipeline Anti-corrosion Coating Duan Shaoming, Zhang Liping, Zhang Qibin, Han Zhongzhi, Guo Xiaojun, Liu Yangyu 2015, 34(增刊): 133-135.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.040 Abstract ( )   PDF (1453KB) ( )   China is dependent on import of high-performance oil pipeline coatings at the present time. To change this situation, the high-performance YG oil pipeline anti-corrosion coating of solvent type is developed in the light of corrosion factors affecting downhole tubular of domestic oil and gas fields and with reference to the functions of imported anti-corrosion coatings. It is composed of bisphenol A epoxy resin and modified phenolic resin of high glass transition temperature. The film high temperature-resistant high-molecular polymer is formed as film by means of reaction under the heating condition. The coating’s fillers include superfine silica powder processed by silane coupling agent. The processed superfine silica powder has a better adhesion to the resin and improves compactness abrasive resistance of the coating. Subject to high-temperature and high-pressure tests (180°C, 70MPa), the coating is not cracking, bubbling or flaking in the pH 12.5 alkaline medium for 24 hours. The temperature for heat decomposition is no less than 260°C, meeting the anti-corrosion requirements for oil pipelines at acidic oil and gas fields.

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Water-soluble Plastic Temporarily Plugging Agent Ge Hongjiang, Lei Qiling 2015, 34(增刊): 136-139.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.041 Abstract ( )   PDF (1554KB) ( )   Leakage of workover fluid often takes place in workover service in China’s eastern oil fields under water-injected development, such as Dagang Oilfield. The temporarily-plugging technology to prevent leakage of workover fluid is far from satisfaction. Therefore, a new-type water-soluble plastic temporarily plugging agent is development for settlement of this problem. This high plastic material is hydrogel that can be degraded in water after 24 to 48 hours. It can rapidly plug the producing zone for the time being. This agent is tested for anti-shearing strength, plugging rate, solubility, degradability and blockage removing property. It is rapidly degradable and soluble in water with little residues and low viscosity. The output can be rapidly restored after workover service. The temperature range of application is between 40°C and 110°C. The agent is also entirely degradable in the environment and free from toxicity, exerting little influence on the environment. It is tested for 144 wells in Dagang Oilfield and achieves good results.

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Ultra-high Temperature Acidizing Corrosion Inhibitor for 13Cr Tubular Goods Wang yuan, Zhang Juantao, Yin Chengxian 2015, 34(增刊): 140-142.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.042 Abstract ( )   PDF (1602KB) ( )   Currently, acidizing is the most frequently used measure to stimulate oil production at oilfields. The concentration of acid solution is relatively high in the acidizing process, usually the 15 percent concentration of hydrochloric acid, which is highly corrosive to tubular goods. The 13Cr tubular material, which is developed for use under the CO2 corrosion environment, is unable to resist corrosion from acidizing solutions when used for well completion. An in-depth study is made of the electrochemical corrosion feature of the 13Cr tubular material in the acidizing environment, thus proposing the space multilayer adsorption theoretical model. Meanwhile, autoclave and self-developed oil casting test devices are used for testing, evaluation and selection of the synthesized inhibitors. Finally, a specified acidizing inhibitor, TG201-II, is developed for the 13Cr tubing steel. The inhibitor not only meets the technological requirements of oilfields but also solves the corrosion problems of the 13Cr tubular goods under the strong acid environment. The corrosion rate is 26g/m2•h at the temperature of 160°C.

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CQ-LYDF Y211 Coiled Tubing Bottom Pack-off Layered Fracturing Tool Zhang Daopeng, Zhang Yichao, Pan Yong, Xie Ming, Li Bin 2015, 34(增刊): 143-146.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.043 Abstract ( )   PDF (1740KB) ( )   Some of gas fields in Sichuan are geologically structured with a multiple layers that are thin interbeds. To raise the single-well production, it is necessary to fracture the targeted layer one by one. Coiled tubing bottom pack-off layered fracturing tool is composed of mechanical packer, pressure balanced valve, casing collar locator and centralizer. The packer can be mechanically set while expanding the slip for one way support. The setting is rapid and convenient and repeated several times. Pressure-balanced valve is able to seal several times for reverse sand flushing so that the packer can be easily set. The locating force of casing collar locator is adjustable, which gives a clear indication of location. This tool is used in Sichuan and Sulige gas fields for 25 times with more than 200 intervals brought under layered fracturing, acquiring a 100 percent success rate. This tool has a series of characteristics, such as accurately locating the producing interval, packing and unpacking easily completed and the packer reliably set, meeting the requirements for fracturing of multiple intervals thin interbeds and horizontal wells.

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CQ-GNS Twin Nonionic Surfactant for Fracturing Fluid Thickener Ma Tuo, Wang Renfeng, Xu Yang, Chai Qiaoling, Li Wenbin 2015, 34(增刊): 147-150.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.044 Abstract ( )   PDF (1669KB) ( )   Large-scale staged fracturing horizontal well has become the dominant development technology at Changqing Oilfield thanks to continual tight oil development at the oilfield. However, treatment of fracturing water and flow-back fluid is the main factor to impair renovation of horizontal well as the scale of fracturing is expanded. To solve this bottleneck, CQ-GNS twin nonionic surfactant for fracturing fluid thickener is developed to be used as core component of recoverable low-resistivity surfactant fracturing fluid system. This fracturing fluid system has a number of characteristics, such as free of residues, low damage, low resistivity, direct mixture and able to be directly recovered after flow-back and recycled when added with the same thickener. It is suitable for horizontal wells and cluster wells increasing speed and efficiency, saving energy and protecting the environment, large-scale factory-like operation. It was used for 145 oil wells and horizontal wells in Changqing Oilfield between 2012 and 2014, with the formulated fracturing fluid accumulated to 62.9×104m3. The actual water consumption was 29.89×104m3, saving 33.1×104m3 of water. The recycling and utilization rate of flow-back fluid reached 97.4 percent and was recycled for 21 times at maximum. The average water-saving rate was apparently improved by reaching 52.6 percent.

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Thermal Wellhead Equipment Jia Zhenyu, Pan Yaoqing, Liu Fudong 2015, 34(增刊): 151-152.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.045 Abstract ( )   PDF (1561KB) ( )   Thermal wellhead equipment is designed as the dedicated heavy oil thermal production equipment to meet the demand for heavy oil production in Liaohe Oilfield. It can satisfy the need for steam huff and puff and steam-flooding heavy oil production process. The equipment adopts an upper suspension structure, which can facilitate large-load service when tripping in the pipe string. Composed of a tubing head, a high temperature resistant gate valve and an oil production tree, the equipment is compact-structured, convenient for operation and reliable in safety, reaching the world’s advanced technological level and satisfying the demand for thermal heavy oil production process at home. More than 4000 sets of thermal wellhead equipment have been cumulatively sold, generating 120 million yuan in production value and 20 million yuan in profit.

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Subsurface Pump for Tertiary Oil Production Well Pang Yapu, Bi Linlin, Hu Ruyi 2015, 34(增刊): 153-155.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.046 Abstract ( )   PDF (1658KB) ( )   This paper introduces two kinds of subsurface pumps used for tertiary oil production wells. When used in polymer and ternary compound solution flooding oil wells, the service life of pump can be extended, the pump-inspecting period can be shortened and the productivity of oil wells is improved. One is the big-channel high-efficiency subsurface pump, which increases pump barrel and plunger clearance, adopts a special valve cage design and the double closed plunger valve cage structure and improves the stress state of top open valve cage, solving the fracture problem of top open valve cage. The closed valve cages of plunger and pump barrel are redesigned to have a larger valve chamber and change the inner structure of valve cage, solving the problem of internal pile and satisfying the demand for heavy oil production. The other is the immersion anti-drag subsurface pump, which adopts a “small pump in the upper part and big pump in the lower part” structure. Since the inlet oil valve and outlet oil valve are installed in the plunger, tubing fluid column pressure is exerted on the plunger, forcing the plunger to overcome resistance of heavy oil, reducing the bending and deformation of sucker rod in the lower trip and alleviating eccentric wear on rod string. Correspondingly, the electric motor consumes less energy.

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Two-person Control Device of Tubing String Trip-in and Trip-out for Workover Service Geng Yuguang, Gu Quanfu, Wang Zhonglin, WangTiefeng, Huang Shu, Sun Lianhui 2015, 34(增刊): 156-160.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.047 Abstract ( )   PDF (1709KB) ( )   Based on the existing hydraulic, electric and elevating conditions of workover rig, a remote control device for trip-in and trip-out service of pipe string is developed by means of electronic control, hydraulic pressure and pneumatics technology. It is mainly composed of four modules -automatic suspension and centralization system, tubing screwing system, tubing conveying system and electric control and hydraulic driving system. Control commands of all the modules are concentrated on an operational panel and a handheld remote controller. By means of the operational panel, the driver can remotely control and complete a series of tasks, such as to catch or put, lock, hang, push, centralize and center the pipe string, hydraulically push or pull the pincer in place, make and break, shift and automatically gap, and finally trip in or trip out the pipe string. One site worker can make the tubing rolling and in place by pressing the remote controller. Two people can conduct a series of work without anyone else at the wellhead. Field application indicates that this device is small in volume, light in weight, stable in trip-in and trip-out service and reliable for safety while reducing amount of operational workers and labor intensity and improving work safety. The pipe string trip-in and trip-out does not affect well emergency rescue or wellhead personnel escape. The device does not increase the cost either. Its operational speed is controllable and nearly the same as manually operated.

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Recycled Slick Water of Shale Gas Reservoir Liu Youquan, Chen Pengfei, Wang Daocheng, Wu Wengang, Zhang Yadong 2015, 34(增刊): 161-164.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.048 Abstract ( )   PDF (1878KB) ( )   Development of shale gas reservoir usually adopts large-displacement volumetric fracturing in large quantities of slick water. It is difficult to process large quantities of flowback fracturing fluid. Therefore, fracturing fluid is required to have good drag reduction performance, capable of being continuously mixed and reused. Based on the characteristics of shale reservoirs in Sichuan, a quick dissolutive, low molecular weight and low-viscosity emulsion drag-reducing agent is developed for recycling of slick water. The drag-reducing rate is higher than 70 percent and the dissolutive time is less than 30 seconds, meeting the demand for large flowback and continuous mixture. With adoption of effective bactericide, the sulfate reducing bacteria sterilization rate reaches 100 percent, effectively reducing bacteria damage of reservoirs. The slick water can resist the calcium and magnesium ion concentration of 10000mg/L. Fluid flowback can be reused after simple settlement. The utilization rate of fluid flowback exceeds 95 percent after processing. It is easy to operate and meets the demand for large-scale application.

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Self-generating Hydrochloric Acid System for Carbonate Reservoir Liu Youquan, Zhang Yan, Wang Daocheng, Xiong Ying 2015, 34(增刊): 165-167.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.049 Abstract ( )   PDF (1661KB) ( )   There are a series of problems existing in acidizing renovation of carbonate reservoirs in the Sichuan-Chongqing area, such as high temperature, rapid acid-rock reaction rate of ordinary acidizing fluid, limited penetration of acidizing fluid and high corrosion rate. Therefore, using HCl produced under high-temperature reaction as parent fluid, a self-generating hydrochloric acid system is developed for renovation of high-temperature carbonate reservoir. With gas increasing agent used as the main agent, the autogenetic foam acid system is developed, which can produce a large amount of gas under the effect of formation conditions, to solve the problem that the flowback effect of residual acid is satisfactory in acidizing renovation of low pressure gas wells, easily causing secondary damage. The self-generating hydrochloric acid can significantly improve the depth of acidizing treatment in the deep well with temperature of more than 150°C. Autogenetic foam acid can accelerate discharge of acid fluid in the low pressure tight oil and gas wells after acidizing renovation and reduce secondary damage from residual acid. This acid fluid system is used for 22 well/times on the field and increases the output by 511.1×104m3/d, achieving good economic results.

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Annular Chemical Packer Colloids (ACP-H) Wei Falin, Liu Yuzhang, Li Yikun, Xiong Chunming, Du Zhengxue 2015, 34(增刊): 168-170.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.050 Abstract ( )   PDF (1724KB) ( )   A number of horizontal wells are completed with screen liners in China. Annular space exists between the screen liner and well wall, leading to well damage once water invades into the wellbore. It is a world-class bottleneck to control water cut and increase oil production. Use of chemicals for isolation of the annular in the later period and directional treatment of water producing spots become an important technological research direction. However, the “gravity collapse” effect makes conventional materials unable to fill the horizontal annular. The two-step crosslinking isolation chemicals are difficult to be controlled on the site. Based on magnetic materials, a type of fluid was developed with high thixotropic and solidification capacity, namely annular chemical packer colloids for horizontal well. The structure can be rapidly restored within 10 to 15 seconds after thinned by shearing. It can completely fill the horizontal annular. Under the effect of temperature, the solidification system based on multi-function group will transition to a high-strength solid annular chemical packer (ACP) from the thixotropic fluid. Under the temperature of 45 to 130°C, the solidification time can be controlled within three to 12 hours, the pressure bearing capacity exceeds 20MPa and the ACP loading error is ±5 meters. The process is safe and reliable and able to meet the demand for later-period treatment of horizontal wells for different types of oil reservoirs. The pilot test in conducted for the first time in China. Currently, it has been used in more than 10 domestic oil and gas fields, becoming an effective technological measure to control water cut and increase oil production from horizontal wells completed with screen liners.

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High-temperature and Large-volume Sucker Rod Pump Lifting Technology Wang Wengang, Wang Xianrong, Liang Xing, Wu Jianhua 2015, 34(增刊): 171-173.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.051 Abstract ( )   PDF (1751KB) ( )   High-temperature and large-volume sucker rod pump lifting technology is a characteristic one to meet the demand for high lifting temperature and large liquid discharge of SAGD. The technology is creative in some areas. First of all, the formula of metal alloy powder is developed for treat outer surface of trunk piston. As a result, the hardness of trunk piston surface is raised to 55-58HRC from 52-54HRC, reaching the advanced international level. Secondly, the chromate plating process for inner surface of pump barrel is improved so that the straightness of pump barrel surface reaches 0-0.04mm, leading the domestic level. Thirdly, the structure of connecting-tripping device is optimized so that the success rate of connecting-tripping device is raised to 98 percent from 80 percent. This technology has helped development of some important products in recent years, such as high-temperature and large volume sucker rod pump, large-pump connecting-tripping device and an-wear connecting-tripping device of the ?108mm-?160mm series. This technology is applied to SAGD development in Du-84 Block of Liaohe Oilfield and sold to Sudan and Xinjiang Oilfield. It has been tested for 107 well/times from 2012 to the present time. The average pump efficiency is 60 percent and the average pump-inspecting period is 372 days, improving productivity and reducing operational cost. It has become a high-efficiency, high-yield and cost-effective lifting technology to support SAGD heavy oil development.

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String Technique for Thick Reservoir Internal layered Fracturing Gan Xiaohong, Chen Feiyu, Liu Shencheng, Li Guodong, Gao Tao, Li Wenxia, Huang Juan 2015, 34(增刊): 174-176.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.052 Abstract ( )   PDF (1577KB) ( )   The string technique for thick reservoir internal layered fracturing is an optimized and innovative design in the light of high cost for combinative fracturing of thick reservoirs, high requirements on surface equipment, difficulties in fracturing service and poor performance. Based on optimization and creative design of fracturing pipe string, thick reservoir is internally fractured in stages. The layers can be brought under fracturing renovation one by one with the minimum distance among the layers shortened for three meters and more, namely fracturing can be focused on all the layers with different formation stress in the inhomogeneous formation. Field application confirms that layered fracturing of thick reservoir can obviously increase oil production, remarkably improve formation permeability, lower the technical requirements on equipment and difficulties for fracturing service, and significantly reduces oil and gas production cost. This technique was cumulatively used for 242 well/times on the field between 2013 and 2014. The additional crude oil production was accumulated to 110773.7 tons.

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Casing Pressure Release Valve Xu Zhimin, Ma Jinxiang 2015, 34(增刊): 177-178.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.053 Abstract ( )   PDF (1474KB) ( )   A series of problems existed in use of old-style casing pressure release valve. For example, replacement of the valve requires welding service, long time for shutdown of well and high labor intensity, leading to low efficiency. Casing pressure release valve has to be abandoned once valve seat or valve body is damaged. A new-type casing pressure release valve is developed without changing raw materials and work principle of the old-style valve. It is composed of valve seat, valve body, valve ball, spring and plug and equipped with dedicated replacement tools. The valve body is a sealed one-body after transformation, eliminating environmental pollution caused by oil and gas leakage from the joint between valve body and valve seat. Installation and replacement require no welding service. Replacement of valve seat takes a person only 15 minutes with the help of dedicated tools. Used in various oil production plants of Turpan-Hami Oilfield, it lowers labor intensity, improves work efficiency, extends operating rate and reduces service cost.

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Electric Hydraulic Cable Bridge Plug Setting Tool Jia Wuqiang, Li Yang, Liao Weiyu, Wei Xuequan, Tan Wenbo 2015, 34(增刊): 179-180.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.054 Abstract ( )   PDF (1491KB) ( )   Cable bridge plug setting tool using sustained-release powder as a power source has a high cost for management and application with hidden faults in safety. Onsite service requires safer, more environmental-friendly and more economical setting tool. Electric hydraulic cable bridge plug uses a DC motor to drive micro hydraulic pump. High-pressure oil flow from hydraulic pump makes the piston work so that electric energy is converted into mechanical energy to set and release the plug. It has a number of functions, such as providing high pulling force for high setting in a limited space, restoring working status in time and resisting high temperature and high pressure. The tool can resist temperature of 155°C and working pressure of 70MPa. The output pull is no less than 300kN. As compared to the products and technology of the same kind both at home and broad, it reaches the advanced level and is able to replace the chemical energy setting tool.

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Bottom Valve and Top Valve in Delayed Coking Unit Hu Anduo, Zhang Yufeng, Liu Xiaodong 2015, 34(增刊): 181-183.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.055 Abstract ( )   PDF (1580KB) ( )   Delayed coking unit is an important equipment to improve production factor of light oil. The bottom and top unheading blind plates of delayed coking units and other accessories that refineries have used for many years have a series of problems, such as complicated procedures for operation, low automation degree, negative impact on safety and environmental protection, and high cost for operation and maintenance. Therefore, substitute products are developed, such as DN1500 bottom unheading valve and DN900 top unheading valve. They are designed have a plane gate valve structure and adopt floating hard sealing and steam accessory sealing. They are operated by control chamber and onsite operational station. The accessories of the device use heat-resistant steel as main material. The surface of valve plate comes under nitriding treatment. The depth of nitriding layer is ≥0.5mm, the flatness of valve plate surface is ≤0.05mm and the roughness of the surface is <Ra0.8, deposit welding on sealing surface required cemented carbide. Currently, dozens of such valves have been used at home and regarded as good for safety and environmental protection, low in labor intensity, high in automation level and remarkable in economic performance.

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Production of Cis-polybutadiene (BR 9000) Zhang Hairong 2015, 34(增刊): 184-186.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.056 Abstract ( )   PDF (1560KB) ( )   Cis-polybutadiene is an important variety of synthetic rubber. BR 9000 adopts the nickel base solution polymerization technology and 1, 3 butadiene as monomer raw material. Polymerization reaction adopts three-kettle continuous polymerization process and uses catalyst pre-mixture process technique, differential pressure condensation technique, horizontal heat pump technique and robot stacking technique. The Mooney viscosity is kept stable at 44-46mPa·s. The rubber products are good for their physical properties. The tensile strength reaches 16MPa while breaking strength is more than 420 percent. It is very good for elasticity, cold resistance and abrasive resistance. Currently, it is successfully used in three sets of units at home. The large-scale equipment is localized in terms of design, manufacture and installation.

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Environmental-friendly Styrene Butadiene Rubber SBR1502E Pang Jianxun, Yin Lan 2015, 34(增刊): 187-189.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.057 Abstract ( )   PDF (1547KB) ( )   The international community has attached great importance to nitrosoamines, a carcinogen, produced from production of synthetic rubber. This carcinogenic problem has become a technological barrier to internationalization of rubber products. Therefore, PetroChina Jilin Petrochemical Company began a technological research project on environmental-friendly styrene butadiene rubber - SBR1502E. A new-type environmental-friendly terminator suitable for the production process of emulsion polymerized styrene butadiene rubber is selected on the basis of the research. Industrialization test of environmental-friendly styrene butadiene rubber SBR1502E has been successfully completed at the company’s styrene butadiene rubber facility, establishing the industrialized production technology. The main creative achievements include the environmental-friendly two-component compound terminator with an appropriate vapor-liquid ratio and gas-phase and liquid-phase dual polymerization resistant effect. The two-point feeding process of termination agent is adopted for the first time, bringing about independent adjustment of two-component feeding for termination agent. The production technology is an industrial leader at home.

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Intelligent Temperature Transmitter of ZYW Series Lv Haiwu 2015, 34(增刊): 190-192.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.058 Abstract ( )   PDF (1607KB) ( )   Temperature is one of the most important operational parameters in industrial and agricultural production process. Development of intelligent temperature transmitter can satisfy the demand for production and construction in the domestic petroleum, chemical, metallurgical and electric power sectors. Temperature transmitters of ZYW series are high-precision intelligent temperature transmitter that can be used in eight sophisticated technologies - small signal processing technology, isolated power supply technology, nonlinear compensation for temperature sensor, amplifier unit temperature compensation technology, indexing table of non-standard temperature sensor, intelligent HART communication technology, multi-type temperature signal input technology, dual signal input or average temperature and temperature differential measurement technology. The accuracy of the whole device reaches 0.1 percent while the accuracy for unit conversion reaches 0.05 percent. With a self-correcting function, it has a ±0.1 percent/5 years stability. The series has an independent intellectual property right and is the domestic leader in terms of product functions. It can be widely used for automatic temperature measurement in various industrial sectors.

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Olefin-reducing Catalyst for Catalytic Cracking Gasoline (LBO Series) Zhang Hairui, Ding Wei, Zhang Jihua, Chen Jun 2015, 34(增刊): 193-196.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.059 Abstract ( )   PDF (1486KB) ( )   The series of olefin reduction catalyst includes three products - olefin reduction catalyst of LBO-12 type without loss of octane number of gasoline (RON), olefin reduction catalyst of LBO-16 type with a higher yield of gasoline and diesel oil, and olefin reduction catalyst of LBO-A with increased RON. They can be used alone or in combination. The series of products have solved the problems existing in the domestic and foreign catalysts, such as limited reduction of olefin, significantly decreased RON and low yield of the target product. Based on the application results from different units, the catalysts of LBO series can effectively reduce olefin content of gasoline by 10-20 percent and lower olefin content of FCC gasoline to less than 35 percent. While RON and total fluid yield is kept, the diesel and light oil yield is remarkably increased, improving the economic performance of catalytic cracking units. Since China’s refinery process is still under perfection, the current effective method for control olefin content of gasoline is adoption of olefin reduction catalyst. In addition, the oil refining industry in some African countries is under rapid development, requiring olefin reduction catalyst for their refinery units. This series of products has a strong market demand both at home and abroad.

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Residuum Catalytic Cracking Catalyst (LDC Series) Zhang Hairui, Wang Yi, Chen Jun, Zhang Jihua 2015, 34(增刊): 197-199.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.060 Abstract ( )   PDF (1506KB) ( )   The catalysts of LDC series use new-type Y-shaped molecular sieve and high octane number shape-selective molecular sieve as active components and are combined with the semi-synthetic catalytic cracking catalyst prepared by means of the heavy metal pollution resistant technology. This product can increase olefin content in FCC gasoline so as to provide high-quality raw materials for subsequent gasoline hydro-desulfurization and light gasoline etherification unit. The catalyst has good heavy oil cracking performance and the flexibility to adjust the variable yield of LPC, improving catalytic gasoline octane number. It also has an appropriate density, good abrasive resistance and good fluidizing performance. The series is characterized for its strong heavy oil conversion ability, low coke yield, high yield of light oil, heavy metal pollution resistant property and higher gasoline octane number. The catalysts are suitable for conventional catalytic and heavy oil catalytic cracking units.

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High Octane Number FCC Catalysts (LDR Series) Zhang Hairui, Wang Yi, Chen Jun, Zhang Jihua 2015, 34(增刊): 200-202.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.061 Abstract ( )   PDF (1481KB) ( )   The catalysts of LDR series adopt a unique composite modification method for Y-shaped and ZSM-5 zeolites. A new-type matrix and catalyst preparation process technology is used to improve the pore structure, acidity and stability of catalyst. This product can effectively solve the contradiction among maximization of propylene, reduction of olefin in gasoline and cracking of heavy oil. This catalyst is characterized for its strong heavy oil cracking ability, high yield of propylene, high gasoline octane number and low olefin content in gasoline. The catalysts of LDR series are applicable for normal FCC units and MIP-CGP FCC units with VGO and mixing feed of residual oil or CGO as feed oil for cleaner gasoline production to improve gasoline octane number and propylene yield.

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Catalyst for Sulfur Recovery Tail Gas Low Temperature Hydrogenation & Hydrolysis Chang Honggang, Liu Zongshe, Zhu Ronghai, He Jinlong, Wen Chongrong, Zhang Sujuan, Li Yang 2015, 34(增刊): 203-205.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.062 Abstract ( )   PDF (1657KB) ( )   China sets higher requirements on sulfur recovery and tail treatment process and catalyst technology thanks to the country’s rigorous standards on environmental protection and clean production. The Claus tail-gas hydrogenation catalyst is gradually converted into low temperature hydrogenation catalyst from conventional hydrogenation catalyst. As for the development trend for sulfur recovery tail gas hydrogenation catalyst, the conception that hydrogenation catalyst is combined with hydrolysis catalyst is creatively proposed for the first time, making a breakthrough in preparation technology of new-type hydrogenation catalyst carrier. Based on use of new-type hydrogenation catalyst carrier, the SO2 hydrogenation conversion rate exceeds 90 percent. To improve organic sulfur conversion rate, low temperature organic sulfur hydrolysis catalyst is developed, making the total sulfur content in tail gas from the outlet of reactor drop to 131×10-6. The catalyst for sulfur recovery tail gas low temperature hydrogenation and hydrolysis is gradually matured on the basis of laboratory study, field test and field application. It has achieved good results for wide application and remarkable environmental performance.

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Selective Hydrodesulfurization Catalyst for FCC Gasoline Lan Ling, Zhong Haijun, Ju Yana, Zhang Xuejun, Zhao Qinfeng, Lv Zhongwu, Liu Kunhong, Hou Yuandong, Kang Hongmin 2015, 34(增刊): 206-209.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.063 Abstract ( )   PDF (1469KB) ( )   To meet China’s demand for production of clean gasoline, a series of catalysts is developed using selective hydrodesulfurization (DSO) process for FCC gasoline. The preparation process of this series is simple and free from noble metal and zeolite. A number of techniques are used, such as modification of pore structure and acid quality by fine-tuning alumina carrier, use of hydrothermal treatment and chemical additive, and preparation of stable Co-Mo solution. The pore structure, acidity and activity of catalyst are optimized and matched with one another. The catalyst is of high activity, high selectivity and high stability bringing about a in-depth desulfurization in FCC gasoline, effectively inhibiting olefin saturation and reducing octane number loss. The series of products has been successfully used in five sets of catalytic gasoline hydrogenation units, including the 700,000 tons/year facility of PetroChina Qingyang Petrochemical Company, the 1.5 million tons/year facility of PetroChina Daqing Oil Refining Company and the 900,000 tons/year facility of PetroChina Harbin Petrochemical Company. The results of industrial application indicate that this catalyst is characterized for its strong adaptability to feed stock, moderate reaction conditions, high desulfurization rate, low loss of octane number, high liquid yield, long operating period and reliable technological maturity.

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Hydrofining Catalyst for Ultra-low Sulfur Diesel Zhang Wencheng, Wen Guangming, Wang Dan, Shen Baojian, Song Jinhe 2015, 34(增刊): 210-212.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.064 Abstract ( )   PDF (1493KB) ( )   In-depth desulfurization of diesel is one of the key technologies for production of clean diesel. Daqing Chemical Research Center and China University of Petroleum (Beijing) made a joint research on hydrodesulfurization reaction mechanism of diesel fraction and analyzed the technological bottlenecks for in-depth hydrodesulfurization of diesel. With adoption of Ti, Si and P elements, the two catalytic materials of titanium silicon and phosphorus aluminum are used to modify alumina carrier. Based on the coordinated catalysis of two catalytic materials, nitrogen and aromatics are effectively moved in the in-depth desulfurization process. As a result, the PHF ultra-low sulfur diesel hydrofining catalyst is developed successfully. The PHF catalyst has good adaptability to feed stock, high desulfurization activity and stable activity and is industrially used in 10 sets of PetroChina’s diesel hydrofining units, with a total processing capacity aggregating to 17 million tons/year. The catalyst entirely meets the demand for production of clean diesel with the sulfur content less than 50µg/g or 10µg/g.

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Aldehyde Hydrogenation Catalyst of Vapor Phase (VAH-1/VAH-2) Wu Xianjun, Wang Gang, Zhang Zhihua, Yu Chunmei, Sun Famiin, Zhang Wencheng 2015, 34(增刊): 213-215.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.065 Abstract ( )   PDF (1627KB) ( )   Vapor-phase aldehyde hydrogenation catalyst of the VAH type is of the Cu-Zn-Al system and suitable for butanol and octanol production by means of butyl aldehyde and octane aldehyde vapor-phase hydrogenation method. Using the special step-by-step mixing and continuous co-precipitation method, copper crystalline grains, the active component, are highly dispersed to effectively inhibit dehydration activity of catalyst, improving the activity, selectivity and thermal stability of catalyst. The hydrogenation activity of catalyst is higher than 99.5 percent, the selectivity higher than 98.5 percent and the service life more than five years. This catalyst has been industrially used in many sets of butyl octanol facilities at home. The facilities are stable in operation, bringing about localization of vapor-phase aldehyde hydrogenation catalyst. The product reaches the country’s high-quality standard while the functions of the catalyst are in line with the advanced international standards.

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Middle Distillate Type Hydrocracking Catalyst PHC-03 Qin Lihong, Hai Yan, Sun Famin, Zhang Zhihua, Dai Baoqin 2015, 34(增刊): 216-219.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2015.z1.066 Abstract ( )   PDF (1666KB) ( )   Most of PetroChina’s hydrocracking units are characterized for their production of high-quality middle-distillates while producing heavy naphtha and tail oil. Therefore, the special catalytic materials of USY and Beta zeolite are developed in the effort to design the structure of catalyst, optimizing the match between hydrogenation function and acidic function and enabling the catalyst to have appropriate pore size and smooth structure of pore throats. The middle distillate type hydrocracking catalyst PHC-03 technology was successfully developed and industrially used in the 1.2 million tons/year hydrocracking unit of PetroChina Daqing Petrochemical Company in 2012. It is confirmed that the PHC-03 hydrocracking catalyst has the flexibility to switch to production of more tail oil, more diesel, more low-freeze-point diesel and 3# jet fuel at the different stages. As compared to the products of the same technology at home and abroad, the PHC-03 hydrocracking catalyst is characterized for its high adaptability to feed stock, low reaction temperature, high selectivity of middle distillate and low-temperature flowability.