Driven by the goals of the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality strategy and energy security, China’s oil and gas industry faced the urgent demand for green low-carbon transition. As the energy production backbone, the oil and gas industry,which is high both in energy consumption and carbon emission, should solve the structural contradiction between “increase of production and efficiency” and “reduction of carbon emission”. Taking Xinjiang Oilfield as the research target, this article systematically analyzes the five main challenges of “incompatibility” in the process of green oil and gas production transition,namely stability of energy utilization and fluctuation of new energy, heat supply cost and economic performance of substitute technology, consumption and absorption of new energy and peak adjustment of power grid, load characteristics and energy storage functions, and synergistic optimization and regulation capacity.Therefore, Xinjiang Oilfield innovated and constructed a new model of smart energy ecosystem based on “source, grid, load, storage and intelligence.” The oilfield has taken five measures to solve the bottlenecks, such as proximity and stability of power source, synergy of power grid, load flexibility,diversification of energy storage, and regulatory intelligence. The practice shows that the new model has effectively solved the bottleneck for compatibility between oil and gas and new energy and improved new energy permeability and operational flexibility of the system. It provided the replicable technological roadway and practice modal for the oilfields to bring about lowcarbon transition, secure the national energy supply and promote synergistic development of the Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality goals.

Amid the push for“ dual carbon” goals and the construction of a new energy system, the oil and gas industry is at a critical stage of transition. Focusing on the multidimensional balance required for this transition, this article analyzes the strategic position of oil and gas in China’s energy system. It also reviews the transition pathways of major international oil companies and the low-carbon efforts of Chinese oil companies. The article proposes constructing a modern oil and gas system integrated with new energy, transforming traditional enterprises into integrated energy service providers and suppliers of new energy and chemicals. This transformation can be achieved through technological synergy, resource integration, and industrial restructuring. The deep integration of the oil and gas industry with the new energy sector is not only essential for its green transition but also serves as the strategic foundation for building a clean, low-carbon, safe, and efficient new energy system. Looking forward, oil companies should strengthen technological innovation, refine their management systems, and establish demonstration projects. Oil companies must promote high-quality, integrated development and play a key role in the establishment of China’s new energy system. Ultimately, this will help achieve the “dual carbon” goals while advancing their own low-carbon transition for sustainable development.

Sichuan Basin is rich in natural gas resources. The reserves totalled more than 40 trillion cubic meters. Based on the state strategic plan, a 10-billion-cubic-meter natural gas production base will be established in the Sichuan-Chongqing region by the end of the 15th Five-year Plan period. This article analyzes the demand for development of natural gas and new energy integration and the resource advantages of various new energy in Southwest Oil & Gas Field, such as solar energy, wind energy,geothermal energy, TRT and associated resources. It also summarizes the integrated forms, technological characteristics, equipment levels and current development conditions of natural gas and new energy and studies the new paths and concrete scenarios of integrated development for “energy saving, clean substitution and energy supply, utilization of associated gas, CCUS/CCS, and utilization of underground space.” It focuses on how to create the new and fruitful situation of green and lowcarbon development while rapidly increasing the oil and gas reserves and production. In addition, the article discusses a series of problems related to residual pressure power generation in the large-scale development, imperfect infrastructure construction and immaturity of main equipment and technology. It is proposed that the Sichuan-Chongqing region should focus on resource endowment and make efforts for research on key technologies in the different levels and different stages, invigorate energy transition by means of structural construction and mechanism innovation, and continue involvement in AI development.

Energy security holds the key to economic and social development. Profound changes have taken place in the global energy situation in recent years. Guided by the “dual carbon” goals, China has accelerated the transition to the clean and lowcarbon energy structure. Natural gas has become an important transitional energy. Integration between new energy and natural gas has been practised nationwide. This article focuses on the current conditions of energy development in Gansu Province and integration between natural gas and new energy. It elaborates the related the national and Gansu provincial policies and analyzes the Gansu's advantages in this area, such as enrichment in resources, clear geographic advantages and solid industrial basis. It also points out a series of problems, such as the contradiction between natural gas supply and demand, inadequate peak-adjusting capacity, economic restrictions and inadequate support from the policies and plans. It comes up with the suggestions on natural gas development in integration with new energy in Gansu Province: First of all, the province should try to construct the energy system on the basis of multi-energy synergies. The efforts should be focused on the joint business of new energy and gas-fired electricity and the model for integration of source, grid, load and storage to enhance the peak and flexibility adjustment capacity of the new energy power system. Secondly, it is necessary to promote renewable energy electricity generation and hydrogen production projects to raise local new energy consumption and absorption and secure energy supplies. Thirdly, the research on safety technology for gas mixed with hydrogen should be accelerated and tested step by step in operation to establish the industrial chain of renewable energy hydrogenation + natural gas terminal utilization. Fourthly, it is necessary to step up the “natural gas+new energy” industrial support, perfect the prizing mechanism, optimize policy guidance and promote integration between natural gas and new energy.

Exploration degree is an important basis for the oil and gas development plan and exploration work. This article analyzes the changes and problems in the long-term development of the oil and gas exploration degree research method. It points out that analysis of exploration degree should take into account the exploration workload, stressing the relative comparison of exploration degrees among the different basins and blocks. In addition, the future exploration plan and exploration deployment should be guided in combination with geological understanding degree, proven degree of resources and discovery conditions of reserves. The article comes up with a new quantitative research method for exploration degree which is based on standardized treatment of the seismic and exploration well workload. This method adopts five parameters, such as the length of 2D seismic survey lines, the multi-coverage areas of 3D seismic survey, the maximum coverage area of 3D seismic survey, the amount of exploration wells, and drilling footage, to construct the exploration degree indexes in aggregation (0-1) and quantitatively determine the exploration degrees of different basins and structural units. It is convenient for use and in line with the actual exploration conditions. Taking China offshore basins for instance, the study shows that the offshore area of the Bohai Sea is the highest for its exploration degree, followed by the Baibuwan Basin, the Qiongdongnan Basin and the Pearl River Mouth Basin. The East China Sea Basin, Yinge Sea Basin and the Southern Yellow Sea Basin are the lowest for their exploration degrees. Among the secondary structural units, the Shijiutuo Uplift is the highest for its exploration degree.

High-value patents are the core part of the enormous amount of patents and the important achievements of scientific and technological innovation shown by the enterprises. They are of great importance to survival and development of the enterprise. CNOOC highlighted evaluation and creation of high-value patents in management of corporate intellectual property work. It adopted a system of combining the qualitative and quantitative indexes to design the weights of various indexes,establish the high-value patent evaluation system and make an in-depth integration of technological innovation and process management. In the preliminary R&D stage, CNOOC focused on patent navigation to accurately clarify the orientation of highvalue patents. It also provided services to coordinate the overall IP process in the middle of the R&D stage, supporting creation of high-value patents. In addition, systematic mining and layout patents of the important projects to cultivate high-value patent packages while testing initial evaluation of patent applications to ensure the writing quality of high-value patents. CNOOC strengthened the efforts for patent maintenance and management, brought high-value patents under dynamic management in more efforts to cultivate and guarantee high-value patents, and adopted a number of methods to promote transformation and application of patents, thus accelerating realization of IP values. Based on study and application of the high-value patent evaluation system, remarkable achievements were made in fostering of some important patents, such as the “Deep Sea No.1” energy station, the “Xuanji” system and large-capacity storage tanks, effectively improving the ability and level of patent management and laying a solid foundation for CNOOC to make breakthroughs in scientific and technological innovation.

Technology introduction is an important way for enterprises to acquire technology. Establishing a technology evaluating system is an important strategic option for enterprises to achieve technological development. This article studies the concept of technology introduction and systematically analyzes multiple motivations for enterprises to introduce technology,including resolving bottlenecks in production and operations, making up for technological weaknesses, promoting industrial modernization, and fulfilling strategic targets. It also provides an in-depth analysis of the attention-focusing areas related to policy, technology, economics and strategy in the process of technology selection and evaluation. The technology introduction evaluation system is constructed on the basis of four dimensions--compliance of policy, individuality of technology, economic performance and adaptability of strategy--as well as seven indexes--compliance of policy, advancement, maturity, adaptability,practicality, performance, competitiveness and adaptability of strategy. Combined with concrete application cases, thisevaluation system helps enterprises make strategic decisions on technology introduction and standardize business operation.

Industrial standards are of vital importance to standardization of the industrial services and product quality and promotion of the industry’s technological development. Taking the method standard of“ The technical regulation for geological modeling in reservoir characterization” (SY/T 7378—2017) as an example, this article elaborates on the background and challenges in formulation of the industrial standards, pointing out that formulation of standards should follow three main principles of scientificity, broad applicability, and practicality. The formulation process generally includes five stages, such as planning and application, draft preparation, solicitation and revision, improvement and refinement, and submission and approval. The requirements on content in the document of standards are proposed, including promulgation and technical support in execution of the standards, to ensure effective implementation of the standards. The results indicate that the industrial standards formulated by means of the above-stated method exhibit strong normative and guiding effects on the geological modeling work in the oilfields both at home and abroad. The industrial standards have generated 1.7 billion yuan of economic benefits in the past three years. The experience can provide valuable reference for the formulation of industrial standards.

The petroleum industry new faces the demand for green and low-carbon transition thanks to global energy structural transition and China’s“ dual carbon” goals. This article analyzes the current development conditions of Daqing Oilfield in the areas of new energy construction, technological challenges, variable-conditioning production technology and distributed energy supply system. A remarkable growth is brought about in new energy installed capacity and productivity. However, there are still a series of technological and economic challenges, such as instability of new energy fueled electricity and high cost of energy storing technology. Daqing Oilfield has continued its efforts to strengthen technological innovation and system optimization, based on green electricity integration technology for mechanical oil production wells, electric heating for wax elimination and prevention by means of green electricity, and integration of green electricity for water injection according to variable conditions. Daqing Oilfield established the distributed energy supply system compatible with the re-engineering system, thus effectively raising the capacity for new energy consumption and absorption. This also solved the problems of connecting new energy to the power grid and brought about high-efficiency utilization of new energy and stable operation of the oilfield production system, facilitating in-depth integration of green electricity with oilfield production.

Changqing Oilfield is rich in natural gas resources with tight gas accounting for 82 percent of the gas reserves. The oil and gas equivalent of Changqing exceeded 66 million tons in 2024 with the natural gas output making up for more than 60 percent of the total. Changqing Gas Field has continually made the study of tight gas geology and achieved breakthroughs in the areas of engineering technology, such as horizontal well development, drilling speed and volumetric fracturing, since it was brought under large-scale development. Meanwhile, the key process was continually iterated and upgraded to accelerate natural gas development. In the drilling engineering area, the tight gas drilling and completion technology was based on the model of “factory-like small well site and large well cluster, 3D horizontal well optimized and rapid drilling, and small well hole drilling and completion integration.” In the area of reservoir renovation, a dozen of backbone technologies in four main families were established for multiple layers of a straight well, multiple segments of a horizontal well, low-damage fracturing liquid and factory-like services. In the area of gas production technology, Changqing Gas Field’s research efforts were focused on the characteristics of tight gas wells--a short liquid-carrying period and a long production period by means of stimulation measures. As a result, the technological system of the whole life-cycle gas production process was established on the basis of the “downhole throttling-drainage gas production-reservoir-tapping” pattern. In recent years, Changqing also innovated and developed a updated technological version of gas production process, such as coiled tubing integrated completion, compact plunger lift and intelligent gas wells. The continuous engineering technological innovation and development helped Changqing top its annual natural gas production of 50 billion cubic meters, making it become China's largest natural gas production base and a engineering technological leader in economic development of tight gas.

Global climate governance system is experiencing a profound revolution guided by the Paris Agreement. Article 6 of the agreement introduces innovative mechanisms for international carbon and cooperation, including the Internationally Transferred Mitigation Outcomes (Article 6.2) and the UN-managed Centralized Carbon Trading System (Article 6.4). However, negotiation and implementation of Article 6 faces the challenges related to complexity of its design and balance of interests, particularly the issues of transparency, environmental integrity, and global equity requiring further clarification and refinement.Despite these challenges, the pilot project worldwide have demonstrated the feasibility and mitigation potential of these mechanisms. They highlight the role of Article 6 in facilitating financial and technological flows and advancing climate adaptation measures. Currently, the international carbon market is characterized in diversification and regional collaboration but the disputes over environmental integrity and technological barriers remained unsolved. It is necessary for China to accelerate innovation for connection of system and take active part in reconstruction of global carbon prizing system by means of experiences of the pilot projects and mutual acceptance of standards.

The advantages of CCUS-EOR technology is highlighted by became the nation's policies in favor of the “dual carbon” goals. Currently, most of the planned CCUS-EOR projects under the preliminary feasibility study stage are difficult to meet the economic feasible conditions owing to the high cost for CO2 capture and transportation. This article studies construction of the models of technology, economics and cash flow by means of adopting the cash flow method, the with-and without comparison method and qualitative analysis of project uncertainty. Based on the actual operational data of the projects, it analyzes the cost composition of the CCUS-EOR projects sources of revenues and other influential elements. In the cases of the pilot oilfield experiment, the CCUS-EOR technology substantially increased crude oil production, reduced the cost of carbon emission by means of CO2 capture and storage and obtained the extra revenues by means of the carbon trading mechanism. Price fluctuations on the carbon market, preferential policies and technological progress hold the key to influencing the economic feasibility of the projects. To further improve the economic performance of the CCUS-EOR projects, it is proposed to continually accelerate technological modernization and cost optimization for a large-scale application of integration, establish the dynamic evaluation mechanism to improve the ability of the projects against risks, and perfect the policy system and specification of standards to motivate the enterprises for active involvement in the projects.