关键词: 美国, 创新活力, 科技政策, 成果转化, 财税金融, 企业主导

Abstract: The United States is the most developed country in the present-day world in terms of technology. The nation ranks first in the world for total R&D investment. The US Administration has promulgated “Bayh-Dole Act” and “Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act” which effectively put the scientific and technological achievement into transformation and application. One of the characteristics is that enterprises dominated the sources of scientific and technological development fund. The United States has also adopted a series of measures, such as strengthening guidance through policies, formulating the preferential taxation policies, expanding fund-raising channels, introducing technological talents and making flexible supervision of scientific and technological innovation. Those measures encouraged enterprises into innovation, promoted exchange and cooperation among producers, universities and research institutes, guided transition of knowledge and technology to enterprises and effectively inspired enterprises for innovation. With reference to the US experience and practice and based on China’s actual conditions, this paper comes up with the policy suggestions on invigoration of the Chinese enterprises for innovation, such as providing the preferential conditions for R&D innovations to expand the scope of taxation incentives, improving the conversion rate of scientific and technological achievements on the basis of the market-oriented operational pattern, enhancing STEM educational strategic position to attract international STEM talents, raising basic wages and treatment of technological researchers to maintain the stability of the R&D staff, and increasing involvement of the regulatory sandbox in entities to appropriately simplify the related policies and regulations.