关键词: 碳中和, 绿色低碳, 战略布局, 政策框架, 关键行业, 科技创新, 财税政策

Abstract: Climatic change is one of the sternest issues faced by the world at the present. Carbon neutrality has become the important orientation for the actions taken by the world in response to climatic change and will lead to an extensive and profound systematic transformation, both socially and economically. This paper elaborates the source of the carbon neutrality conception and the strategic background against which the global carbon neutrality goal is set. It also clarifies and analyzes the strategic orientations, setting of goals, policy frameworks and concrete measures of global main developed economies, such as European Union, the UK, the United States and Japan. There are five main characteristics in common: (1) The strategic plan and concrete measures are formulated entirely on the basis of their national conditions. (2) Importance is attached to the roles of the legislature and enforcement mechanism to assure the carbon neutrality goal. (3) The emission-reducing action plan with the clear characteristics is formulated in the light of the key areas. (4) The supporting and leading roles of technological innovation are emphasized. (5) Active efforts are concentrated on the financial and taxation policies and market mechanism oriented at carbon neutrality. This paper comes up with five suggestions on China’s carbon neutrality work: (1) Enhance the top-level design to formulate the scientific and reasonable carbon neutrality strategic goal and path. (2) Accelerate the legislative process for carbon neutrality and establish the systematic and effective micro applicable mechanism. (3) Focus on the key areas to accelerate construction of the green low-carbon industrial system. (4) Enhance technological innovation and accelerate breakthrough in the frontier technologies of “three carbons” (low carbon, zero carbon and negative carbon). (5) Perfect the economic system to accelerate establishment of the carbon neutrality market mechanism.