应对气候变化一甲子：国际石油公司从共知到共建

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2022.04.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 国际石油公司根据全球气候治理形势变化调整应对策略，其应对气候变化和低碳发展历程可划分为4个阶段。共同认知阶段(1960—1988年)，开展油气行业对气候变化影响的研究，采取措施减少有害气体排放对环境的污染，应对石油危机开发新能源并实施节能措施；共同防御阶段(1989—1997年)，依托行业组织影响政府制定政策以维护企业利益，开发低碳技术以应对气候压力；共识趋同阶段(1998—2019年)，欧洲石油公司积极推动能源转型，美国石油公司谨慎调整气候策略；共同建设阶段(2020年以来)，欧洲石油公司选择激进低碳路径加速转型，美国石油公司则采取保守谨慎的转型策略。综合分析表明，欧美国际石油公司在气候应对策略的选择上存在着公司利润与股东利益、国家战略与政企关系、公共舆论与品牌价值、行业趋同与对外合作4个方面动因。

关键词: 石油公司, 气候变化, 能源转型, 碳中和, 应对策略

Abstract: International oil companies adjust their strategies according to the changes in global climate treatment situation. The process of their reaction to climatic change and low-carbon development can be divided into four stages. The first stage is to share identical views (1960-1988). They studied the oil and gas industrial impact on climatic change, adopted the measures to reduce environmental pollution caused by emission of hazardous gases, and made response to oil crisis by means of new energy development and energy-saving measures. The second stage is to make common defense (1989-1997). With the help of the industrial organizations, international oil companies influenced the governments to formulate the policies in the interests of the companies, developed low-carbon technologies to alleviate the climatic pressure. The third stage is to reach identical agreement (1998-2019). The European oil companies actively promoted energy transition while the American counterparts were cautious to adjust the climatic strategies. The fourth stage is to make joint efforts (since 2020). The European oil companies chose the active low-carbon roadmaps to accelerate transition while the American oil companies adopted the conservative and cautious strategies for transformation. The comprehensive analysis indicates that there are four motivations for the European and American international oil companies to select their countermeasures against climate change – the company’s profit and shareholders’ interests, the national strategy and the relations between the governments and enterprises, public opinions and brand values, and industrial identity and foreign cooperation.

中图分类号:

F416.2
X24

窦立荣　张兴阳　郜峰　闫伟　熊靓　王子健　王曦　彭云　邓希　张可宝. 应对气候变化一甲子：国际石油公司从共知到共建[J]. 石油科技论坛, 2022, 41(4): 1-10.

Dou Lirong, Zhang Xingyang, Gao Feng, Yan Wei, Xiong Liang, Wang Zijian, Wang Xi, Peng Yun, Deng Xi, Zhang Kebao. Six Decades in Response to Climatic Change: International Oil Companies Collaborate in Transition to Making Joint Efforts from Sharing Identical Views[J]. Petroleum Science and Technology Forum, 2022, 41(4): 1-10.

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