关键词: 碳中和, 能源转型, 能源消费, 碳排放, 安全发展

Abstract: Carbon neutrality has become a global consensus, and energy transition is the general trend. Under the carbon neutrality goal, China’s energy structure will undergo subversive changes, from the current fossil energy accounting for more than 80% to non-fossil energy accounting for more than 80%. The energy system will also undergo a revolutionary reshaping. This paper systematically evaluated the challenges faced by China’s energy transition, such as the emphasis on industrial structure, the partial coal energy structure, the low energy utilization efficiency, the short carbon neutrality window period, and the insufficient supply of key minerals for new energy. This paper also provides the policy implications that energy development should adhere to the policy of “based on national conditions, safe development, scientific innovation, and practical results”. Energy transformation should follow the concept of self-control, green and low-carbon, through the two-wheel drive of energy saving and efficiency improvement, and exert efforts on both sides of supply and consumption, which is divided into “three steps”: (1) reduce coal, control oil and increase gas, and vigorously develop new energy energy; (2) accelerate substitution of non-fossil energy; (3) a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient modern energy system is expected to fully established. The system implements seven strategic projects of energy conservation, decarbonization, innovation, efficiency improvement, emergency response, support, and cooperation, which supports China to achieve the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality as scheduled.