国际碳市场实践及对我国建设碳市场的启示

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2022.01.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究分析了国际主要碳市场的建设与发展，其中欧盟碳市场建立最早、规模最大，培育出多元化的投资主体和碳金融衍生品，推出了创新基金和现代化基金，交易最为活跃。碳市场运行期间帮助欧盟国家在经济高速发展的同时大幅降低温室气体排放，促进了欧盟域内经济体结构升级和能源转型。我国现拥有8个试点区域碳交易市场，2021年7月全国碳排放权交易市场正式上线交易。区域试点碳市场运行具有交易量分布过度集中、交易价格波动明显、市场投资者多元、碳金融产品发展迅速等特点，也面临着参与行业受限、交易手段单一、碳价形成与波动等问题。基于欧盟及其他国家碳市场的发展经验，我国应以社会整体利益为出发点推进碳市场建设；建立碳中和社会基金；实施循序渐进稳健的市场制度安排；建立协同推进的碳市场建设工作机制；建立通过价格引导碳市场的运行机制；加强碳市场及绿色低碳发展国际合作。

关键词: 碳市场, 碳配额, 碳金融, 碳排放

Abstract: This paper studies and analyzes construction and development of the world’s main carbon markets. The EU carbon market is the world’s earliest and largest one that has produced diversified investment entities and carbon financial derivatives. It also launched the innovated fund and modernized fund. The trading is very active on the market. Operation of the carbon market helped the EU countries significantly reduce greenhouse gas emission at the time of their high economic development and promoted structural transformation and energy transition of the economic entities within the EU areas. China now has eight pilot regional carbon trading markets. Online trading was formally launched at the national carbon emissions trading market in July, 2021. Operation of the pilot regional carbon markets was characterized in over-concentrated distribution of trading volumes, obvious fluctuations of trading prices, diversification of market investors, and rapid development of carbon financial products. However, the trading market also faces some problems, such as limited involvement of sectors, singular trading method, and formation and fluctuation of carbon prices. Based on the development experience in the carbon markets of EU and other countries, China should take into account the whole social interests to promote construction of carbon market, establish the social fund for carbon neutrality, adopt the progressive and stable market system, formulate the working mechanism for synergetic construction of the carbon market and an operational mechanism to guide the carbon market by means of prices, and step up international cooperation for carbon market and green low-carbon development.

中图分类号:

F831.5
X196

魏琪峰　李晓华　刘吉臻. 国际碳市场实践及对我国建设碳市场的启示[J]. 石油科技论坛, 2022, 41(1): 71-77.

Wei Qifeng, Li Xiaohua, Liu Jizhen. Practice of International Carbon Market and Its Influence on Construction of China’s Carbon Market[J]. Petroleum Science and Technology Forum, 2022, 41(1): 71-77.

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