关键词: 发达国家, 碳中和, 碳达峰, 循环经济, 碳交易, 能源发展路径

Abstract: Carbon peak and carbon neutrality are both an important way for green transition and systematic and profound transformation of the economic community and an effective means for the humanity to make active response to climatic changes. The main management policies and development methods for carbon neutrality in developed countries include formulation of policies and laws, identification of the key issues related carbon neutrality, development of cyclic economy recovery, re-production and re-utilization of waste products in the industrial and civilian areas, perfection of carbon-trading market, and innovation of carbon financial products. This article elaborates the typical methods and emerging technologies adopted by developed countries in the four main areas of electric power, transportation, construction and industry. It also briefs about rapid development of hydrogen energy, CCUS and biomass energy in developed countries. The influence of carbon neutrality actions in developed countries on China is reflected in three areas. First of all, the active efforts should be made for formulation of the management policies and development methods which are adapted to China’s carbon neutrality goal, including formulation and perfection of China’s carbon neutrality goal, timetable and roadmap, while accelerating development of the recycling economy and perfecting carbon trading market. Secondly, the action plans should be made in classification and focused on the key areas, formulating the energy development route suitable for the Chinese conditions, improving the structural emission reduction in the transportation area, promoting the electrification process in the building area, and raising energy efficiency in the industrial area. Thirdly, the active efforts should be committed to development of the emerging technology and industry like hydrogen energy, CCUS, and biomass, helping bring about the carbon neutrality goal.