Abstract: China overcame the impact of continual low oil prices on the country’s oil and gas upstream industry during the 13^th Five-year Plan period, making a series of major discoveries in the field of exploration. As a result, the oil and gas reserves were raised significantly while the capacity for production and supply was apparently improved. The active progress was also made in market deregulation, withdrawal from blocks, competitive transfer of mining rights, paid use of resources, and protection of the ecological environment. However, as for increase of the oil and gas reserves, some policy bottlenecks appeared during the 14^th Five-year Plan period owing to incompatibility between withdrawal and providence of oil and gas prospecting blocks, compatibility between more efforts for exploration and development and land use, sea use and protection of the ecological environment, and imperfect policies for high-cost risks for exploration and development and low-grade resources development. This paper comes up with a series of suggestions to implement the country’s relative strategies and policies and unify the efforts for promotion of reform, development and protection. Those suggestions include perfection of the competitive transfer system for oil and gas mining rights to accelerate establishment of oil and gas mining rights transfer system, perfection of the preferential policies for oil and gas exploration and development to accelerate technological innovation, and establishment and perfection of the unified coordination mechanism for exploration and development as well as ecological protection to satisfy the demand for reasonable and legal land and sea use to increase the reserves and production. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen supervision of exploration and development, maintain market fairness and improve efficiency of resources development and utilization while perfecting the oil and gas prizing mechanism and deregulating the oil and gas prices in the competition link.

摘要： “十三五”期间，国内油气上游行业克服持续低油价冲击，勘探取得一系列重大发现，油气储量大幅增加，生产供应能力明显提升；在推进市场开放、区块退出、探矿权竞争性出让、资源有偿使用、生态环境保护等方面取得积极进展。同时，由于油气勘查区块退出与投放的不协调、加大勘探开发力度与用地用海及生态环境保护的不协调、勘探开发成本高风险大与低品位资源开发政策不完善等问题，“十四五”油气增储上产陷入政策困境。为贯彻落实国家有关战略决策部署，统筹推进改革、发展与保护，建议健全油气矿业权竞争性出让制度，加快建立油气矿业权流转制度；健全完善油气勘探开发支持政策，加大技术创新支持力度；建立健全勘探开发与生态保护的统筹协调机制，切实保障增储上产合理合法的用地用海需求；加强油气勘探开发监管，维护市场公平，提高资源开发利用效率；健全油气价格形成机制，放开竞争环节油气价格。

关键词: ^“十四五^”, 油气资源, 增储上产, 矿业权, 定价机制, 政策困境, 对策建议