Motivations and Models of Open Innovation at Chinese and Overseas Large-scale Excellent Enterprises

Abstract

Abstract: Open innovation is the main model for enterprises^’technological creation in the knowledge-based economic era. Based on the study of Shell, Petrobras, GE and China^’s Huawei, this paper analyzes motivations of enterprises^’ open innovation including support of main business development, expansion of new businesses, access to target market, enhancement of technological capacity, promotion of industrial technological position, acceleration of research process, reduction of cost, and fulfillment of national and social responsibilities. The operational models include purchase of technological patents, acquisition of technology, government-industry-university-research collaboration, launch of joint industrial projects, and raising fund or providing support for external innovation activities. Open innovation should be in line with the industrial development and the enterprises^’ strategic demand. Based on the efforts to improve its independent ability for innovation, the enterprise should make full use of various external resources, tighten control over intellectual property, adopt opener and more flexible management pattern, and establish perfect information monitoring network.

Key words: enterprise, open innovation, motivations, models

摘要： 开放式创新是知识经济时代企业技术创新的主要发展模式，研究了壳牌、巴西国家石油公司、GE 和我国华为公司等具体实践，分析了企业开放式创新的动因主要包括支持主营业务发展、开拓新业务、进入目标市场、增强技术能力、提高行业技术地位、加快研发进程、降低成本和担当国家与社会责任等，运行模式多采取购买技术专利、技术并购、政产学研合作、组织联合工业项目、为外部创新活动融资或提供协助等，指出实施开放式创新需要符合行业特点和自身战略需求，要在依靠和提高自主创新能力的基础上充分利用各种外部资源，加强知识产权管理，采取更加开放、灵活的管理模式，建立完善的信息监测网络。

关键词: 企业, 开放式创新, 动因, 模式

Yuan Lei, Yang Hong, He Yanqing. Motivations and Models of Open Innovation at Chinese and Overseas Large-scale Excellent Enterprises[J]. Petroleum Science and Technology Forum, 2015, 34(4): 25-31.

袁　磊　杨　虹　何艳青. 国内外大型先进企业开放式创新的动因与模式[J]. 石油科技论坛, 2015, 34(4): 25-31.

References

[1]何郁冰. 国内外开放式创新研究动态与展望[J].科学学与科学技术管理，2005，36（3）：3-12. He Yubing. The review and prospect of open innovation research[J]. Science of Science and Management of S. & T., 2005,36,(3): 3-12.
[2] Ana Maria de BrittoPires, Francisco Lima Cruz Teixeira, Horacio Nelson HastenreiterFilho, et al. Innovation in Innovation Management: the experience of Petrobrascenters and networks of excellence program[J]. Journal of Technology Management & Innovation,2013, Volume 8, Special Issue ALTEC: 49-60.
[3] Michael Idelchik, Sam Kogan. GE's open collaboration model [EB/OL]. Research Technology Management Journal Online,2012, 55(4):http://www.iriweb.org/Public_Site/RTM/RTM_Journal_Online.aspx.
[4] Kevin McFarthing. Shell is open for innovation [EB/OL]. Innovation Excellence, March 30, 2014. http://www.innovationexcellence.com/blog/2014/03/30/shell-is-open-for-innovation/#sthash.3hRIWwLL.dpuf.
[5]林观秀. 企业开放式创新及其运行机制研究——基于华为公司的案例分析[D]. 中国广东：暨南大学，2007. Lin Guanxiu. Enterprise open innovation and its mechanism—base on the case study of Huawei Co., Ltd [D]. Guangzhou: Jinan University, 2007.
[6]海尔开放创新平台（HOPE）.开放创新案例系列专题——壳牌创意孵化项目GameChanger [EB/OL]. http://hope.haier.com/Article/index/detail/id/293782.html HOPE. A series of themes on opening creation cases – Game Changer [EB/OL].http://hope.haier.com/Article/index/detail/id/293782.html.
[7]谭亮. 美国通用电气公司的创新能力研究及其启示[A]. 见：第七届软科学国际研讨会论文集中国卷（下）[C]. 北京：中国软科学研究会，2012：117-126. Tan Liang. The study on GE’s innovation capabilities and iIts enlightenment [A].in: China volume of theses collected from 7th international seminar on soft science[C]. Beijing：The Association for Soft Science of China，2012：117-126.
[8]Carlos H?rtel. Open Innovation at GE [EB/OL]. GE Open Innovation,January 27,2009. http://www.ge.com/about-us/openinnovation.
[9]迈克尔?马肖尼. 通用电气的开放式创新[J]. 科技创业，2011，（4）：28. Michael Mascioni. GE opening creation [J]. Technological Creation,2011,(4):28.
[10]彭剑锋，刘坚. 百年壳牌：石油业中的“贝壳”神话[M]. 北京：机械工业出版社，2010：55-63. PengJianfeng,LiuJian. One-century Shell: myth of “Shell” in petroleum industry[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,2010:55-63.
[11]杨艳. 用技术创造可持续的能源未来——壳牌的技术创新管理[J]. 国际石油经济，2011，19（3）：68-73. Yang Yan. Using technology to create a sustainable energy future—Shell’s technology innovation management[J]. International Petroleum Economics, 2011,19(3):68-73.

[1]	Fan Xianghong, Niu Liquan, Jiang Huaiyou, Fu Xiaoqing, Li Xi, Dong Hua. Research on Application and Evaluation of Company’s Benchmark Scientific Instruments and Equipment [J]. Petroleum Science and Technology Forum, 2021, 40(5): 43-47.
[2]	Jiang Huanhuan, Zhang Jie, Du Jieyu, Han Bing, Yuan Guohui, Xie Bo, Wang Tao, Yu Yue, Lu Kai. Innovation Practice from Efficient Exploration and Development of Blocks with Mining Rights Transferred within Petroleum Enterprises [J]. Petroleum Science and Technology Forum, 2021, 40(5): 73-78.
[3]	Zhang Yundong, Yuan Lei, Yu Yingli, Wu Xiao, Wang Guanqun, Lei ling. Mindset and Suggestions on Promotion of State-owned Enterprises for Transformation of Technological Achievements [J]. Petroleum Science and Technology Forum, 2021, 40(4): 32-39.
[4]	Xiao Hu, Liu Haifeng, Huai Chao, Wu Juntuan, Wang Haifeng, Dai Jiaqing. Analysis of How to Improve Patent Quality at Petroleum Equipment Manufacturers [J]. Petroleum Science and Technology Forum, 2021, 40(4): 66-70.
[5]	Kuang Lichun, Zhong Taixian, Fu Guoyou, Zhao Mengjun, Qiu Zhichao. Research and Practice of “National System” Innovation System Centering Enterprises [J]. Petroleum Science and Technology Forum, 2021, 40(3): 80-86.
[6]	Kuang Lichun, Chen Lei, Zhang Chengguang. Focus on Modernization of Corporate Management System; Perfect Construction of CNPC Petroleum Technological Innovation System [J]. Petroleum Science and Technology Forum, 2021, 40(1): 1-6.
[7]	Zhu Xingshan, Tian Chengkun, Wang Shouquan. Thinking of China’s Petroleum Industrial Development Environment and Petroleum Companies’ Development Strategy in the 14^th Five-year Plan Period [J]. Petroleum Science and Technology Forum, 2021, 40(1): 15-23.
[8]	Huang Gesheng, Li Jinshan, Shi Xiaoyu, Yang Yanxiang, Xian Nanying, Lu Hong. Analysis of Countermeasures Taken by Petrochemical Enterprises for Rapid Coal-to-Olefin Development [J]. Petroleum Science and Technology Forum, 2020, 39(4): 31-36.
[9]	Ma Guoyun. Practice and Enlightenment from Foreign Innovative Management of Disruptive Technologies [J]. Petroleum Science and Technology Forum, 2020, 39(4): 50-54.
[10]	Yang Yan, Sun Naida, Zhang Huanzhi, Gao Hui, Zhao Xu, Liu Jia. Observation and Speculation on Cross-disciplinary Innovation of Global Petroleum Industry [J]. Petroleum Science and Technology Forum, 2020, 39(2): 38-41.
[11]	Gao Shanbu, Wang Yuqin, Wang Lele, Feng Xueshu. Research on Post-Evaluation System of AHP-based Pipeline Application Research Projects [J]. Petroleum Science and Technology Forum, 2020, 39(2): 49-54.
[12]	Lv Jianzhong, Yang Hong. Focus Efforts on Opening Innovation Ecological System of China’s State-owned Energy Enterprises [J]. Petroleum Science and Technology Forum, 2020, 39(1): 15-22.
[13]	Si Yunbo, Li Chunxin, Bi Yantao, Chen Ji. Selection of Patent Operational Methods by Petroleum Enterprises and Study of Patent Operational Strategy [J]. Petroleum Science and Technology Forum, 2019, 38(5): 21-26.
[14]	Zhang Zhen, Wan Hong, Du Guomin, Zhou Ying, You Shuangjiao, Qi Xin, Wang Jin. Experience in Hydrogen Energy Development from Japanese Energy Enterprises [J]. Petroleum Science and Technology Forum, 2019, 38(4): 58-63.
[15]	She Weijun, Wan Hong, Chen Qi, Chen Juanli, Xie Wenjiang, Xu Fengsheng, Bao Liqing. Research on Stock Option Incentive Mechanism of State-owned Technological Enterprises [J]. Petroleum Science and Technology Forum, 2019, 38(3): 6-11.