Abstract: Technological innovation is carried out in the national science and technology major projects under the socialist market-oriented economy. As an organizer of the major oil and gas projects, China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) established the organizational and executional model of the “national system” innovation system in its unremitting research efforts, which was guided by the national demand and focused on the enterprises. The model was based on an in-depth integration of industry, universities, research and application and a combination of scientific research projects with demonstration projects. It is also a multi-element investment model “led by the financial investment from the Central Government and concentrated on the fund raised by the enterprise itself”. The advantages of the new-type national system can effectively facilitate implementation of the national science and technology major projects and fulfill the general objectives as scheduled while improving the core competitiveness of the enterprises, promoting construction of the national innovation system, modernizing China’s independent innovation ability and providing the basis for organization and practice of the key technological innovation projects.

摘要： 国家科技重大专项启动实施是社会主义市场经济条件下科技创新的新生事物。中国石油作为油气开发专项牵头组织单位，在不断探索中形成了以国家需求为导向、以企业为主体的“举国体制”创新体系组织实施模式；实行“产学研用”深度融合，科研项目攻关与示范工程相结合；采取“中央财政投入引领、企业自筹为主体”的多元投入模式。新型举国体制优势有力支撑了国家科技重大专项的顺利实施，总体目标按期完成，同时提升了企业核心竞争力，促进了国家创新体系建设，提升了我国自主创新能力，并为重大科技创新提供了组织实践经验与借鉴依据。

关键词: 国家科技重大专项, 举国体制, 企业牵头, 管理创新