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25 April 2014, Volume 33 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Deepen Reform to Promote Shale Gas Development Zha Quanheng 2014, 33(2): 1-3.  Abstract ( )   PDF (3366KB) ( )   Based on the experiences from China’s experiment with shale gas development in the past eight years, the paper comes up with five suggestions on the country’s further shale gas industrial development --- summarizing the experience in time for more exchange, bringing about high-efficiency exploitation of oil and gas through the efforts for reform, firmly adhering to the principle of “many hands make light work” for shale gas development, perfecting the relative laws and regulations to ensure further reform and development, and formulating the petroleum industrial development strategy in accordance with China’s actual conditions.

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Petroleum Enterprises Implement Innovation Driven Development Strategy Pan Tao, He Xinchun, Yang Zhaoming and Zhang An 2014, 33(2): 4-8.  Abstract ( )   PDF (5204KB) ( )   Innovation is a powerful engine for conversion of economic development pattern. The innovation driven development strategy has become an inevitable option for the state and petroleum enterprises. This paper summarizes the existing innovation driven theories and the significance for implementation of innovation driven strategy and briefs about the experience of international oil and gas majors in innovation driven development, including close combination of internal technological development with production and application, various levels of technological innovation organizational system, establishment of alliance for technological cooperation and research, imposition of management on rapid conversion of results over the whole process, and common efforts for development by technology, management, talents and cultural innovation. As compared to international oil and gas majors, China’s oil enterprises still see some gaps in terms of innovation ability, innovation environment and innovation pattern. To implement the innovation driven development strategy, the enterprises should develop their innovation ability, deepen reform of the mechanism for the technological innovation system and make active efforts for establishment of the innovation environment.

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Present Conditions of Underbalanced Drilling Software Development Jiang Hongwei, Liu Yansheng, Zhao Qing, Wang Lihui, Wang Simin, Ma Pengpeng and Zhu Lei 2014, 33(2): 9-13.  Abstract ( )   PDF (5154KB) ( )   Open hole gravel packing of horizontal well can effectively control sanding and bottom water coning. However, open hole gravel packing for slim hole horizontal well cannot be performed smoothly thanks to a series of bottlenecks, such as small borehole size, large curvature, rapidly changed flow resistance and down-hole pressure. Qinhuangdao 32-6 Oil Field is a typical high-porosity and high-permeability loose sandstone bottom-water heavy oil field. The 32-6E platform smoothly completed gravel packing service for five slim hole horizontal wells thanks to reasonable design of wellbore structure and well trajectory, optimization of drilling and completion fluid system, adoption of gradient high-quality screen pipes and adjustment of packing parameters. This paper makes briefings about the concrete measures, such as pipe scraping, well rushing, sand control soaked gel-breaking as well as the results of those measures. The open hole gravel packing completion process entirely meets the requirements on horizontal well and achieves good results of oilfield development.

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Open Hole Gravel Packing Completion Technology of Slim Hole Horizontal Well and Its Application Feng Zhe, Wang Zongming, Wang Xiaolong and Jin Xin 2014, 33(2): 14-17.  Abstract ( )   PDF (4686KB) ( )   Open hole gravel packing of horizontal well can effectively control sanding and bottom water coning. However, open hole gravel packing for slim hole horizontal well cannot be performed smoothly thanks to a series of bottlenecks, such as small borehole size, large curvature, rapidly changed flow resistance and down-hole pressure. Qinhuangdao 32-6 Oil Field is a typical high-porosity and high-permeability loose sandstone bottom-water heavy oil field. The 32-6E platform smoothly completed gravel packing service for five slim hole horizontal wells thanks to reasonable design of wellbore structure and well trajectory, optimization of drilling and completion fluid system, adoption of gradient high-quality screen pipes and adjustment of packing parameters. This paper makes briefings about the concrete measures, such as pipe scraping, well rushing, sand control soaked gel-breaking as well as the results of those measures. The open hole gravel packing completion process entirely meets the requirements on horizontal well and achieves good results of oilfield development.

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Promote Application of Coiled Tubing Unit Technology in Qinghai Oilfield Zhao Ming, Shi Lin, Tan Duohong, Hu Qiangfa and Liu Kaiwen 2014, 33(2): 18-22.  Abstract ( )   PDF (5205KB) ( )   Coiled tubing unit can be widely used for drilling, well completion, oil production and workover in the oil and gas industry with a number of advantages, such as short service period, low accident rate, low damage on formation and good for reentry. However, thanks to a variety of causes, coiled tubing unit has not been widely used since it was introduced into China in the 1970s. In recent years, CNPC has launched a special project to promote application of this independentlydeveloped technology and process for coiled tubing unit. Qinghai Oilfield is one of the places selected for wider application of the technology and equipment. Based on the actual conditions of oil fields, the efforts were focused on conversion of concepts, continual development and perfection of technology, specialization of service, and enlargement of application. With high-level specialized technological service working staff, Qinghai Oilfield has developed two unique technological processes --- low-pressure gas well coiled tubing nitrogen and foam sand washing service process and coiled tubing clean out integrated service process. The workload of a single unit exceeds 120 well times per year, reaching the world’s advanced level for large-scale application and turning downhole operation from the low-end labor service to modern downhole service pattern. With remarkable economic performance achieved, application of coiled tubing unit has promoted oil and gas engineering technological development.

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Optimize Allocation of Enterprises’ Technological Research Fund Yu Shuqing, Zhang Jinling, Huang Wensheng, Xiong Min, Wang Xiaoxiao and Li Qiuping 2014, 33(2): 23-28, 35.  Abstract ( )   PDF (7518KB) ( )   Technological research fund is one of fundamental conditions for launching technological research activity. How to use the limited technological research fund reasonably and effectively and maximize the benefit is one of the problems on which the technological management department of an enterprise has always focused. Therefore, PetroChina Pipeline R & D Center makes a study of optimized management method for technological research fund and designs the optimized management model to classify the enterprise’s research projects into three categories --- conventional technological research, key technological research and frontier technological research. It also puts forward the relative target system and optimizes the standards and management method, selecting an enterprise for experiment. First of all, the basic conditions of the research project are listed and then experts are invited to evaluate nine elements --- influence on production business, core competitiveness, conditions for technological support, technological maturity, technological success rate, commercial success rate, fund investment level, strategic adaptability and economic results. The sequence of research project is based on the evaluation results, thus optimizing allocation of fund for research projects. This method takes into account a number of elements, improves utilization efficiency of research fund, and provides references and experiences for the counterparts of technological management sector to optimize allocation of technological research fund for industrial enterprises.

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Strengthen Management of Intellectual Property; Improves Creative Capability of Employees Yang Yumei, Yue Xinjian, Xie Bin, Xu Jianhe and Gu Xiaoxuan 2014, 33(2): 29-32, 46.  Abstract ( )   PDF (5354KB) ( )   Enterprise is the main body for technological creation. How to effectively manage intellectual property right resulting from technological creation is related to sustainable development of an enterprise. Engineering Technology Research Institute of PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield Company is a research institute of technological development for the oilfield. The intellectual property of its technological results (process, tools, equipment, product and service) can be easily imitated and value-added. The institute has adopted a series of effective measures to protect intellectual property rights of technological results, such as establishing a three-level management system, implementing and formulating policies to step up management and stimulate technological creation, attaching importance to analysis of patent information, promoting technological cooperation, and improving technological level. With the enthusiasm of technological personnel for technological creation triggered, more core technologies and patents have been acquired to significantly enhance the company’s market competitiveness.

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Study of Underground Resources in Songliao Basin Wang Hengjian 2014, 33(2): 33-35.  Abstract ( )   PDF (3367KB) ( )   Songliao Basin is a typical continental sedimentary basin. The region still has a certain quantity of oil and gas resources for exploration though it has been brought under oil and gas exploration and development for more than half a century. However, these oil and gas reservoirs are low in abundance and poor in physical properties, belonging to compact oil reservoirs. It is necessary to make technological creation and establish the new principles for exploration and development. Usually, a large-scale sedimentary basin has a variety of elements for existence of resources. Songliao Basin is no exception. The basin is also rich in geothermal resources. All the strata outside the oil and gas zone have the geothermal reservoirs at various levels, which need to be brought under exploitation. In addition, the basin has some suspicious resources to be identified through the exploration efforts. A low-resistivity zone with a huge thickness exists in the deep position of the basin. The only explanation for this zone is that “a certain matter is contained in the rock.” Such “contained matter” is likely to gas. What kind of gas it is needs to be further studied. An abundance zone of uranium is likely to exist along the Bayan-Tieli-Bei’an line on the eastern periphery of the basin. If a uranium mine is found in this area, its value is far higher than petroleum. It is worth making an exploration effort.

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Strategy for Harmonious Development of Shale Gas Resources, Environment and Technology Guo Xiaozhe 2014, 33(2): 36-39.  Abstract ( )   PDF (4326KB) ( )   Hydraulic fracturing technology of shale gas reservoir has triggered strong response from both inside and outside China. Discussion of this issue is more focused on how to perfect the relative laws and regulations and how to step up industrial supervision than harmonious development of resource, environment and technology. Rich shale gas resource has triggered a rapid gas energy development both at home and abroad. The environmental issue should not be regarded as an obstacle for large-scale application of clean energy. Technological creation and application hold the key to harmonious development of resources and the environment. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the strategic position of shale gas resource, this paper studies various environmental issues existing in application of hydraulic fracturing technology as well as the situation for development of relative key technologies, making an objective assessment of the environmental issues. The paper proposes that the general principle of China’s shale gas development be based on application of technology for reasonable development of resources, bringing about restraints and interaction among resource, environment and technology. Therefore, it puts forth three policies --- using “technology” for reasonable and “green” development of “resource”, increasing investment for higher “environmental” and “technological” performance on the basis of “resource” performance, and perfecting “technological system” to impose “environmental supervision” through the process of “resource development”.

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Shale Gas Exploitation and Its Prospect Liu Chengjun, Guo Ping, Meng Chun, Xu Yunlin and Liu Delei 2014, 33(2): 40-46.  Abstract ( )   PDF (7275KB) ( )   Great success in commercialization of shale gas production in the United States makes shale gas exploitation a focus of energy study around the world. Based on analysis and study of the characteristics of shale gas reservoir and development, this paper makes briefings about global shale gas resources, US shale gas production and consumption as well as the current conditions of foreign shale gas exploitation. It also summarizes China’s shale gas work conditions in terms of four areas --- scientific research institutions, governmental organizations, enterprises, and international cooperation. It comes up with a series of suggestions on China’s shale gas industrialization, such as technological research, enlistment of talents, diversification of investors, orderly competition, and perfection of natural gas prizing market mechanism.

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Frontier Technologies That Influence Future Oil and Gas Exploration and Development (I) Yang Jinhua, Zhu Guiqing, Zhang Huanzhi, Li Xiaoguang, Guo Xiaoxia, Zhang Huazhen and Hao Hongna 2014, 33(2): 47-55.  Abstract ( )   PDF (9548KB) ( )   With global oil and gas exploration and development targets diversified and more complicated, new technologies, new methods, new equipment and new tools are arising continually in this sector. To keep industrial insiders abreast of the latest development of frontier technology in the upstream sector, a total of 20 items of technology in five fields of oilfield development, geophysics, logging, drilling and oil and gas gathering and transferring are selected to be elaborated in two parts. The first part makes briefings about waterless fracturing technology (LPG), nano-materials fracturing technology, downhole gas compressor, gas hydrate recovery technology, subsea factory, broadband seismic, million channel seismic acquisition, full waveform inversion, optical fiber sensor seismic acquisition and ocean bottom node acquisition.

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SRCT6701 Rotary Sidewall Coring Tool Guo Yingcai, Guo Yingcai, Yan Zijin, Cheng Feng, Wang Jianguo and Cheng Hui 2014, 33(2): 56-58.  Abstract ( )   PDF (3439KB) ( )   To meet the market demand for a large quantity of downhole rock sampling, CNPC Logging Co., Ltd. developed rotary sidewall coring tool with its independent intellectual property right. This is an advanced coring instrument adopting surface high power variable frequency drive, downhole high-temperature hydraulic transmission and hydraulic motor with a hollow boring bit. It is composed of control panel, variable frequency power source, gamma nipple, electronic cartridge and hydraulic pressure nipple. The rotary sidewall coring tool is simply-operating and cost-effective with a high core recovery percentage. In a regular shape, the core can be used for direct analysis of lithology. It can replace its foreign counterparts in terms of functions. The rotary sidewall coring tool is now used in the exploration and development sector with remarkable field application results. The core recovery percentage of this tool has exceeded 90 percent at Huabei Oilfield and Changqing Oilfield since 2012. It is an important digital coring tool for CNPC.

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Introduction of Shale Shaker Mou Changqing, Chai Zhanwen, Hu Xiaogang, Dai Qing, Li Fengyu, Xu Jinhua, Zhang Jie, LiuZhenhua, Wang Guiping, Zhou Jian and Wang Zhilin 2014, 33(2): 59-61.  Abstract ( )   PDF (3451KB) ( )   Drilling fluid shale shaker is the first-level drilling fluid purification equipment, whose quality determines the handling results of the overall solid control equipment. This paper makes briefings about the principles, structures and technological data of balanced elliptical oval shale shaker, linear shale shaker and dual-track shale shaker. Of those, S250-2 balanced elliptical oval shale shaker adopts the “force center theory” using two mutual angle electric vibrators on the screen box to spin counter-clockwise at the same time to form the balanced oval movement track, thus improving the purification efficiency. S250-5 dual-track shale shaker is composed of two electric engines to bring about interexchange of two tracks, with a simple structure and high reliability. This series of shale shakers functions very well and has a number of advantages, such as reducing loss of drilling fluid, improving drilling efficiency and shortening drilling period. It can be widely used in the drilling sector.

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3500kW High-speed Reciprocating Natural Gas Compressor Qin Feihu, Li Peng and Zhou Shengwei 2014, 33(2): 62-64.  Abstract ( )   PDF (3522KB) ( )   3500kW high-speed reciprocating compressor is a new-type balanced and low specific pressure value reciprocating compressor developed for the upstream oil and gas production sector, easily transported and installed at the oil and gas production site and the field compression station. This compressor is designed to have a high-speed, short-stroke and symmetrical balanced structure, wide gas path naturally-cooled cylinders and a piston rod of equivalent stiffness. It is high in rotation rate, small in volume, light in weight and high in discharge. The maximum power is 3500kW while the maximum load of piston rod is 250kN. The rotation speed is rated at 1200r/min. It has passed field experiment and inspection. The comprehensive indexes of the whole unit reach the advanced level of its foreign counterparts. It has a broad prospect for wide application.

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Oil/Gas-fired Steam Generator Wu Yongning, Zhou Ying, Zhao Jingjing, Hou Jun and Zhao Yanchun 2014, 33(2): 65-67.  Abstract ( )   PDF (3441KB) ( )   Oil/gas-fired steam generator is a new-type steam-generating equipment used for steam-injecting development at heavy oil fields. The combustion chamber of this equipment is in the form of single return (multi-return) coil-surrounded water-cooling wall for radiation heat absorption. The heating surface of the tail part adopts a combination of light pipes and finned tubes to absorb convection heat. The heat exchanger of boiler water is designed to raise feed water temperature of heating surface at the tail position and solve corrosion problem of heating surface dew point. The horizontal coil wall retaining-wall technology is invented to solve the bottleneck that high temperature causes damage of the finned tubes at the tail, thus improving heat-absorbing capacity of the boiler. The arch tube side flow deviation prevention technology is invented to prevent collapse of high-temperature flue gas returning chamber. The patent technology of insulation coating is developed to lower external surface temperature of boiler. To facilitate transportation of the large-scale boiler, the main body of the boiler adopts embedded technology to reduce the overall transportation size of the boiler to meet the requirements for movement. The product is stable in operation, reliable and safe, high in heat efficiency (the surface temperature of the main body is about 20℃ lower as compared to the production of the same category), and environmentally-friendly (no discharge of sewage). It can satisfy the requirements on heavy oil production process.

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GDJR Series of Pipe Electromagnetic Induction Heating Equipment Sun Kegang, Ma Zhengbin and Miao Qunfu 2014, 33(2): 68-69, 72.  Abstract ( )   PDF (3668KB) ( )   The traditional liquefied gas flame heating method has been long used for pipe-end preheating before welding in construction of a pipeline. This method cannot match with modern large-scale industrialized construction of pipelines owing to its low heating efficiency, heterogeneous heating temperature and inclination to influence of climatic conditions. China Petroleum Pipelines Bureau No.3 Branch Company has developed the GDJR series of pipe electromagnetic induction heating equipment to meet China’s need for high-quality and high-efficiency construction of pipelines. This equipment adopts electromagnetic induction eddy current heating principle to preheat pipe end. Composed of intermediate frequency heating power supply and electromagnetic induction heater, this equipment can be used to preheat oil and gas steel pipe before welding, keep temperature after welding, and preheat for anti-corrosion and joint wrapping. The rated work of the equipment is 50kW while the rated work frequency is 15 to 20kHz. The temperature rising speed is 35 to 50°C/min. It has a number of advantages, such as small in volume, light in weight, quick in temperature-rising speed, convenient in operation and reliable in safety. Localized and put into wide application in construction of a number of domestic oil and gas pipelines at the present time, this equipment significantly improves preheating efficiency for pipeline construction and technically reduces the cost of engineering construction

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GDTJ Series of Pipe Roller Cradles Sun Kegang, Yang Wenhui, Ma Zhengbin and Ma Gen 2014, 33(2): 70-72.  Abstract ( )   PDF (3415KB) ( )   Lowering pipes into the ditch is an important procedure in construction of long-distance oil and gas pipelines. With development of pipeline construction technology and equipment, the traditional pipe strap method for lowering pipe into the ditch segment by segment is unable to meet the demand for high-quality and high-efficiency construction of pipelines. The GDTJ series of pipe roller cradles is helpful to mechanize construction of oil and gas pipelines and improves the working efficiency by five times as compared to the traditional pipe strap method. This equipment is composed of cradles and pipe roller. The cradle adopts a H-shape frame structure while the roller bearings are installed back-to-back, reasonable in structure, powerful in carrying capacity and reliable in quality. The specification for applied steel pipe is φ610mm to φ1219mm. The actually-measured highest lowerin speed is 35m/min. All the technological indexes of the equipment reach the same level of its foreign counterparts. It has been already used for construction of the third Shaanxi-Beijing pipeline, the Rizhao-Dongying pipeline, the second West-East pipeline and the third West-East pipeline. It is also localized, lowering the cost for purchase and convenient in maintenance.