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25 April 2013, Volume 32 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Opinions on CNPC’s Offshore Strategy Wang Bingcheng, Fan Mingwu, LuanSida and Wang Baoyi 2013, 32(2): 1-5, 66.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2013.02.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (7015KB) ( )   South China Sea is rich in oil and gas resources, particularly extremely abundant natural gas hydrate. Development of South China Sea resources is both the nation’s will and the expectation of the Chinese people. This article briefs about the current technological level of the world’s offshore oil and gas exploration and development as well as its achievement, pointing out that the offshore area has become the strategic replacement zone of global oil and gas resources.With exploration and development technologies increasingly matured, new offshore oil discoveries have outpaced those made onshore. In 2010, the global newly additional recoverable reserves reached 40.97×108t, of which the offshore reserves were 33.65×108t, accounting for 82.14% of the world’s total additional recoverable reserves. The offshore oil and gas production was 39% and 34% separately of the world’s total. Offshore oil and gas exploration and development is the strategic choice for replacement of China’s resources. From a strategic angle, the author analyzes the necessity and urgency for acceleration of oil and gas exploration and development in South China Sea, calling the giant state-owned oil enterprises like China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) and China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) to shoulder their duty-bound responsibility in this area. It is necessary for them to launch technological research projects focusing on deepwater exploration and development in South China Sea and the related preparations for equipment.

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Origin of Super Heavy Oil in Junggar Basin and Development Strategy Wang Xuezhong 2013, 32(2): 6-10, 14,66.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2013.02.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (7329KB) ( )   Chunfeng Oilfield on the western periphery of Junggar Basin is a super heavy oil field with “thin oil layer, low ground temperature and high viscosity.” If conventional steam stimulation technology is used, a lot of heat will be lost in the wellbore and the ground with steam heat limited in a small scope. Steam stimulation of straight well cannot make a breakthrough in productivity. This article studies the genesis mechanism of super heavy oil in Chunfeng Oilfield, pointing out that crude oil from Shawan formation came under strong biodegradation. The temperature of oil reservoir is only 26℃ with the crude viscosity 70000mPa·s. Under the condition of 60℃ , heavy oil turns into Newtonian fluid. Asphaltene in heavy oil is relatively high in molecular quality and strong in polarity. The C+H content in crude oil exceeds 95 percent while the impure atom content is relatively low. Cracking of hydrocarbons, when heated, calls for relatively low energy with the total of gum and asphaltene is lower than 20 percent, easy to reduce the viscosity. Based on this analysis of physical properties of the oil field, a development plan suitable for the characteristics of the oil field was formulated while the integrated technology, such as the horizontal well + steam stimulation + injection of nitrogen + injection of oil insoluble viscosity reducer, was developed for high-efficiency oilfield development.An annual crude oil productivity of 610,000 tons was constructed at a 3.0 percent oil production rate.As of March 2013, the HDNS technology has been successfully usedfor 257 wells of Chunfeng Oilfield withtheadditional oil output accumulated to 654,000tons.

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Technology to Handle Complicated Drilling Problems in Sulige Gas Field Wu Yuwei 2013, 32(2): 11-14, 66.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2013.02.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (5788KB) ( )   The formations of Sulige gas field are complicated and easy to cause well oblique, well catering and leakage, low mechanical drilling rate, and high drilling cost and drillingfluidcost, affectingexplorationand development progress. To improveeconomic performance, the efforts were madetostudyapplication and experiment of the systematic drilling process technology and drilling fluid system. A number of measures were taken to shorten drilling period and accelerate drilling rate, such as optimization and selection of PDC drilling bit, adoption of low-rate screw rod, optimization of drilling parameters, optimization and selection of drilling fluid system, and prevention of leakage and catering. Those measures led to satisfactory economic performance. The practice of 39 wells indicated that the average mechanical rate was improved 34.59 percent, the average drilling and completion time shortened 27.16 percent, creating a record high for drilling speed in Sulige region. With the downhole complexity reduced 6.93 percent, the one-time success rate of completion logging was improved 9.6 percent while drilling fluid cost was lowered 6.36 yuan per meter. Further efforts will be made in the future for study of anti-leakage and anti-catering technology and reduction of accident complexity so as to improve drilling rate and meet the requirements for safety, high quality and high drilling speed.

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Challenge and Solution for Multilateral Horizontal Well Technology Applied to Hard Formation and Buried Hill Reservoirs Deng Xu 2013, 32(2): 15-19, 66,67.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2013.02.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (6959KB) ( )   Shenbei buried hill high pour-point oil reservoir of Liaohe Oilfield is hard granite formation with a poor physical property. The single-well production of vertical well and horizontal well is relatively low while the development cost is high, because fractures developed at random. To lower comprehensive development cost and improve single-well drainage area and fracture-drilling rate, the multilateral horizontal well technology was used for development. As a result, oil production was raised thanks to remarkable results. However, there is a series of stern challenges facing field application. For example, efficiency ofcasingsidetracking waslow inthe highly-abrasive hard granite formation. It is difficultfor lateral drilling ofa fishbonewell.The branch hole of fishbone well is simple in completion, short in service life and poor in water and sand control. Reservoir is easily damaged.As for those technological issues, the efforts were made to study the technology of casing sidetracking in hard formation and lateral drilling process of compound fishbone well and combine under-balance technology with fishbone well drilling and completion technology. Progress has been made in effective discovery and protection of oil and gas reservoirs to maximize footing of reservoir. Perfection of branch horizontal well process promotes large-scale deployment of branch horizontal wells ona buried hillblock.This technology is of great significance to reduce development cost per unitfor buried hillfractured high pour-point oilreservoirs.

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Development of Fracture Remote Monitoring and Decision-Making Support System Yan Zhiqiang and Xiong Jinhua 2013, 32(2): 20-23, 67.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2013.02.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (5702KB) ( )   Generally speaking, fracturing operation of one well is technologically guided by professionals on the field. However, technological experts cannot personally go to the operational site of each well in the event of large-scale fracturing operation. To keep experts informed of service operation of more wells in time and giving instructions, it is proposed to establish fracture remote-monitoring and decision-making support system for Changqing Oilfield. This article makes briefings about general design of fracture remote-monitoring and decision making support system and elaborates the concrete operational methods for this system, including customer terminal for field acquisition and transmission, remote-display of fracturing curve, 3D display of fractured seams and comparison and analysis of real-time fracturing. This system was tested for fracturing remote monitoring and transmission at 19 wells in Changqing Oilfield and successfully sent back fracturing curve data of 15 wells and fracture monitoring data of one well, thus helping experts make remote-monitoring of fracturing operation and offer decision-making support. This system can be applied on a large scale in Changqing Oilfield. The experience can be borrowed by otheroilfields.

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Optimize Appraisal on Investment for New Wells and Improve Oilfield Management Level Zhao Yuping, Wu Xiaobang, Mu Minghao and Wu Hongzhen 2013, 32(2): 24-27, 67.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2013.02.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (5783KB) ( )   Oilfield development process is a continuous potential-tapping process accompanied with a large amount of investment. Whether investment is economically effective and recovered in the expected period is an issue concerned by reservoir and economic workers and by development decision-makers in particular. To improve fund application rate and strengthen management of development investment, SINOPEC Zhongyuan Oilfield Company made the study of single-well economic optimization on the basis of its original economic assessment. Based on comparison and selection of new well economic assessment methods of oil fields both at home and abroad, the company came up with a set of methods for economic performance assessment of new well and single well and economic boundary assessment. It also independently developed single-well economic assessment software, providing the quantitative data for making decisions on investment for new wells. Based on software application, the plans for 284 new wells of this oilfield were brought under appraisal on their economic feasibility. Atotal of 10 low-efficiency wells were excluded while other 39 low-efficiency wells were optimized for thier design plans, reducing the investment scale.Theamount offund saved from investment for low-efficiencydevelopmentwas accumulatedto 95.19million yuan.

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“Continual Improvement Method” for Drilling and Completion Service and Its Application Wei Gang, Zhang Kaishen and Li Yang 2013, 32(2): 28-31, 67.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2013.02.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (5628KB) ( )   Drilling and completion service is a key part of oil and gas field development. Drilling level, drilling rate and drilling and completion quality are directly related to overall economic performance of exploration and development at the oil fields. In the actual production, drilling and completion service includes a series of routine work under the complicated operational environment with the service time varying greatly. Therefore, the theory of continual improvement should be introduced into drilling and completion service to establish the continual improvement pattern for drilling and completion service. The concrete steps should be formulated for implement this method in the drilling and completion service so that the “drilling improvement method” for drilling and completion service can be made clear in the two areas --- establishment of method (including implementation steps, basic functions and roles of service databank and teamwork ) and results of field application.Adoption of the “continual improvement method” improves drilling service efficiency and achieves good results in actual application. This method has a certain guiding significance to design of drilling and completion, field service and later-period appraisal and can be promoted for extensive application.

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Implement Strategy of Talents and Promote Development of Technological Personnel Echelon Chen Junbin and Liu Yudong 2013, 32(2): 32-33, 38,67,68.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2013.02.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (3989KB) ( )   Petroleum Engineering Institute of Xi’an Petroleum University has always adhered to the work principle of cultivation and introduction. It attaches great importance to introduction of talents while focusing on cultivation of existing talents. This paper analyzes the basic conditions for development of talents in the institute, identifies the focus area for cultivation of talents and makes briefings about the concrete methods for selecting talents, introducing talents, making use of talents and attracting talents. Those measures offered new opportunities for the institute to develop its talents, made remarkable achievement in cultivation and introduction of talents, promoted development of technological personnel echelon and fuelled development of the institute in teaching, technological and scientific areas. The institute will further improve qualifications of teachers in the future to lay a solid foundation of personnel for its rapid development.

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Current Conditions and Suggestions of PetroChina’s Reservoir Reconstruction Technology He Wenyuan 2013, 32(2): 34-38, 68.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2013.02.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (7096KB) ( )   As low-permeability and super-low permeability oil and gas reserves are brought under development and the United States makes breakthroughs in shale gas and tight oil in the 21st century, the traditional reservoir transformation technology has developed into an independent systematic engineering from a technique appended to oil production as important as the geophysical and drilling technologies. A remarkable change takes place in the reservoir reconstruction conception of PetroChina under such situation, from an appended process to an independent engineering system, from “plane reconstruction” to “volume reconstruction” and from an auxiliary position to the backbone position. Great progress has been made in PetroChina’s reservoir reconstruction technology, lowering the limitations on producing reserves. A large amount of reserves turn into recoverable reserves with the single-well production continuing to rise. As a result, productivity is constructed smoothly while the single-well reserves is boosted continually, creating considerable economic performance. This paper makes suggestions on PetroChina’s reservoir reconstruction technology, calling for great efforts to take advantage of the current favorable opportunity for development of non-conventional oiland gasresources. Itisnecessary toformulate the unified development strategy,integrated inter-disciplinary technologies, boost operational level and capability, prevent loss of talents and independently develop equipment, tools and materials.

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Current Conditions of Oil and Gas Development in Eastern Part of Russia and Projection of Prospect Han Xueqiang 2013, 32(2): 39-44, 68.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2013.02.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (8200KB) ( )   To accelerate development in the eastern part, Russia has constructed the East Siberia-Pacific oil pipeline and formulated the plan for oil and gas exploration and development in the eastern part of the nation since 2005. Currently, the additional oil reserves and newly-discovered oil fields in this area have become the oilresources region for theEast Siberia-Pacificoilpipeline. Oilproduction inEastSiberiawas55.6×104t in 2005 andreached 3500×104t in2012. Natural gas production in Sakhalin of the Far East was 16×108m3 in 2005 and reached 268×108m3 in 2012. Many of the oil and gas production targets in the eastern region exceeded those set in the documents of the Russian Federal Government and those adjusted in the Russian energy strategic development plan. Oil and gas production in Russia’s East Siberia and Far East region has a very promising prospect for development. To fulfill the objectives for construction and development of the new oil and gas industrial area in the eastern region, Russia has adopted a series of special and preferential policies for both state-owned and private enterprises including the installment preferential policies for shipment price, taxation, customs and development of oil and gas resources.

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Statistical Analysis of Global Oil and Gas Patents Zhao Xing, Si Yunbo, Xu Jinhong, Zhang Dan, Li Chunxin and Zhao Xin 2013, 32(2): 45-49, 68.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2013.02.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (7154KB) ( )   Patent technology is an index for appraisal of research and development activities, which reflects the development level and trend in a certain technological area. It is necessary to analyze and study the current conditions, characteristics and development trend of global oil and gas patent technology. It is of both tactic significance and important strategic reference value to China’s oil enterprises in their technological creation strategy. Therefore, based on analysis of statistical figures, we should study the situation of global oil and gas research and development activities, production of patents of various countries and the focus research areas and quantities of patents owned by international oil majors and technological service companies. Efforts should be made for analysis of patent distribution of foreign major companies. This article points out that research activities of international oil majors are focused on the downstream sector of the oil industry while technological service companies are concentrated in the upstream exploration and development area. The former is focused on the oil and gas market while the latter aims at resources countries. It is noticed that research activities are becoming more and more opening, cooperative and reciprocating.

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Software for Design of Real Surface Seismic Observation System for Complicated Structure Jing Longjiang, He Guangming, Zhou Abo, Liu Hong and Hu Shanzheng 2013, 32(2): 50-52, 68,69.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2013.02.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (4875KB) ( )   Complicated mountainous area is characterized for large ups and downs in landform, complicated surface structure and steep subterranean structure. The traditional method for design of observation system uses the level surface and underground level layered homogenous medium as the assumed conditions. This makes the designed observation system unsuitable for seismic data acquisition in such region, causing low signal-noise ratio, poor structural imaging quality and difficult operation for acquisition. The software for design of real surface seismic observation system enables CRP folds to be focused on the target formations, uses remote sensing information to select and adjust line collocation, optimizes shot and receiver points, appraises operational safety risks in the work area, and designs the seismic operational routes, thus providing more scientific solutions for mountainous seismic data acquisition. The software was put into application in a number of areas. It lowered the operational difficulty by 50 percent, nearly doubled the acquisition efficiency and remarkably raised the data quality, effectively improving the imaging quality of the main position of mountainous steep structure.

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BPS Underwater Secondary Positioning System Yi Changhua, Ren Wenjing, Fang Shouchuan and Wang Chai 2013, 32(2): 53-55, 58,69.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2013.02.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (5086KB) ( )   When conducting subsea cable seismic exploration, information of subsea geophone position is of vital importance to the quality of seismic signal acquisition. BPS underwater secondary positioning system is a set of precise equipment designed for getting accurate information of subsea geophone position. This system is mainly composed of GPS receiver, main controller, transponder, encoder and OBCPos positioning software. The basic work principle is that the object is bound with the acoustic transponder to precisely identify geophone position by means of the subsea acoustic positioning processing algorithm. As compared to the traditional first-wave positioning, this system not only provides more precise location of geophone but also remarkably improves operational rate and production efficiency and substantially improves the quality of seismic data. With good application results and economic performance achieved, this system has a broad prospect for application.

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GeoEast-Lightening Pre-stack Depth Migration Software Dai Nanxun 2013, 32(2): 56-58, 69.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2013.02.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (6287KB) ( )   GeoEast-Lightening VI.0 software is one-way wave equation pre-stack depth migration software system designed to meet oil and gas exploration and development demand and facilitate a large-scale calculation on cluster with interactive job management. Its RMT function can be operated on GPU-CPU heterogeneous multi-core clusters for 2D and 3D seismic data imaging. It has been widely used in exploration of oil and gas resources. To meet the demand for seismic imaging technology for increasingly complicated oil and gas exploration and break international technological blockage, BGP started to develop “GeoEast-Lightening wave equation pre-stack depth migration software” in 2009 for the purpose to develop RMT software with independent intellectual property right. This software takes the lead in realizing large-scale application and industrialization of RMT in China. This technology reached international advanced level of its kind, with some technological targets leading the world in this area.

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HAL6505 Array Laterolog Logging Tool He Fei, Ma Xiao, Feng Linwei, Li Qiang, Cao Jingzhi and Liu Wei 2013, 32(2): 59-62, 69.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2013.02.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (7478KB) ( )   Duel laterolog tool is always an important conventional resistivity tool. However, the deep and shallow resistivity curves measured by dual laterolog logging tool are unable to meet the demand for complicated oil and gas assessment thanks to further unfolding of exploration and development. To increase laterolog logging information amount and meet the demand for detailed evaluation, CNPC Logging Co Ltd made the study of theoretical methods and developed China’s first array laterolog logging tool. Based on design of array electrode structure and combined with hard and soft focus method, we created six radial depth-detecting measurement patterns. As compared to dual laterolog, this method has a number of advantages, such as high vertical resolution and abundant radial information, clearly describing the formation invasion characteristics. A large amount of field tests indicated that logging curve characteristics and various indexes of the tool were in line with the requirements of theoretical design. The tool can be used for logging evaluation of thin layers and other complicated reservoirs.

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Pioneer Super-Deep Perforator Luo Hongwei and Guo Peng 2013, 32(2): 63-63, 69.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2013.02.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (3967KB) ( )   Pioneer super-deep perforator is used mainly for perforation service of oil and gas wells. Based on the tests made by China Perforators Inspection Center and the American Petroleum Institute, the maximum penetration depth of this perforator is 1539mm. This paper makes briefings about the product structure, work principle, technological parameters, technological level and field application cases of Pioneer super-deep perforator. Field application indicated that the perforation channels made by perforator of this type can effectively penetrated formation damage zone and improved the productivity of oil and gas wells while lowering the fracturing pressure of acidizing and fracturing stimulation technology, creating good wellbore conditions for follow-up stimulation measures. This perforator desirably solves the bottleneck for perforation completion technology to penetrate low-porosity, low-permeability, low-abundance and high tight reservoirs and highly damaged formations.