Abstract: A new round of industrial and technological revolution is just unfolding. The disruptive technology plays an important role in promotion of the company’s technological progress and improvement of the core competitiveness. The disruptive technology is the strategic innovative technology that can entirely or substantially replace the traditional or mainstream technology. It has remarkable characteristics in the technological breakthrough, substitution, perspectiveness, market universality, transformation and uncertainty. A special institution is launched in innovative management of disruptive technology in the United States, Japan, Germany and Russia, with the project manager responsibility system put in place. The innovation process is both mission-guided and problem-guided. The foreign famous enterprises like Alphabet and Microsoft attach importance to investment in research and development of disruptive technologies and market acquisition. They scientifically and objectively evaluate the project feasibility and get ready to terminate the commercially and technologically inapplicable projects at any time. This paper comes up with the suggestions that China’s petroleum enterprises should make active efforts for strategic planning of disruptive technologies, strengthen reform of technological system and mechanism, and energetically promote the project manager responsibility system.

摘要： 新一轮产业和技术革命方兴未艾，颠覆性技术在推动企业技术进步、提升核心竞争力方面发挥越来越重要的作用。颠覆性技术是对传统或主流技术产生整体或根本性替代的战略性创新技术，在技术突破性、替代性、前瞻性、市场广泛性、变革性、不确定性等方面具有鲜明特色。美国、日本、德国、俄罗斯等国在颠覆性技术创新管理中，成立专门机构，实行项目经理负责制，坚持使命导向与问题导向共同牵引创新进程。Alphabet、微软等国外知名企业，则坚持“背靠体制”和“走出体制”相统一，重视颠覆性技术研发投入和市场并购，科学客观评估项目可行性并随时准备终止技术和商业上不可行的项目。对我国石油企业提出了积极进行颠覆性技术战略布局、加强科技体制机制改革、大力推广项目经理负责制等建议。

关键词: 主要国家, 知名企业, 颠覆性技术, 创新管理, 战略布局, 体制机制, 项目经理制