Abstract: The main trends in the global energy transition include overall improvements in energy efficiency, reforms in existing energy use systems, and large-scale utilization of renewable energy. A variety of transition paths has been taken by different countries, due to their differences in resource endowment, energy strategy, and technology development. On the premise of pursuing energy independence, the United States uses natural gas and renewable energy as transitional energy sources, and continuously promotes a cleaner energy mix. Germany, as a representative country of the energy transition in Europe, vigorously reduces fossil energy consumption, abolishes nuclear power and takes the lead in developing the large-scale application of renewable energy. Japan, based on its resource endowment, uses technological advantages as a strategic means of the energy transition. Middle Eastern countries, for energy politics and economic transition considerations,also promote energy transition and renewable energy use. China has made outstanding contributions to the world energy transition by controlling total energy consumption, increasing non-fossil energy supply, and promoting energy conservation and emission reduction as its main initiatives. Other countries’ energy transition practices bring experience and inspiration to China: (1) energy transition is a long-term and challenging task, and China needs to consider its national conditions and carefully take the transition stage towards the low-carbon future; (2) economies of scale are an important driving force for the industrialization of emerging energy technologies; (3) transportation is the focus and challenging area for energy transition; (4) energy transition requires innovation under an open international cooperation perspective.

摘要： 全球能源转型主要趋势包括能源效率的全面提升、现有能源利用系统的变革、可再生能源的大规模开发利用。各国由于资源禀赋、能源战略、技术水平等差异，走上了不同的转型道路。美国在追求能源独立的前提下，以天然气和可再生能源作为过渡能源，推动能源结构清洁化；德国大力削减化石能源消费，废弃核电，率先推进可再生能源规模化应用，在欧洲能源转型中具有代表性；日本立足国情，将技术优势作为能源转型的战略手段；中东国家出于能源政治、经济转型的考虑，也加入全球能源转型发展队伍，开始推进可再生能源应用；中国以控制能源总量消费、加大非化石能源供应、推进节能减排为主要举措，为世界能源转型做出了突出贡献。各国能源转型实践的经验和启示包括：能源转型是一项长期的艰巨任务，中国需立足国情并走好通往低碳未来的过渡阶段；规模经济是新兴能源技术走向产业化的重要推力；交通是各国能源转型的重点和难点领域；能源转型需要在开放的国际合作视野下进行创新。

关键词: 能源转型, 能源政策, 能源效率, 可再生能源