Abstract: China possesses the resource base to promote the exploration and development of oil and gas. Both the total remaining resources amount and reserve scale of the country are large, while characterized as low-grade, complicated to further explore and exploit. The production of the maturing oil fields in East China is declining at a rapid speed and difficult to keep a stable production period. The technical adaptability needs to be further enhanced in the main fields which are supposed to increasing reserve and production, such as low-grade, unconventional, deep-buried and deep water resources. However, the insufficient investment on those fields draws a contrast with the steadily rising costs of exploration and development. Meanwhile, both at the state and local levels, a lot more work is needed to perfect supporting policies and regulations and set up effective supervision and management mechanisms, to a certain extent slowing down the forming of effectively competitive environment. For the above key factors restricting to secure more reserves and increase production in the country, through the analysis of the situation of oil and gas exploration and development over the past decades, the paper comes up with a series of countermeasures to beef up risk exploration efforts, deepen restructuring reform of the State-owned enterprises, deregulate the oil and gas upstream market, perfect the relative laws and regulations, and strengthen supervision and management.

摘要： 我国有促进勘探开发的资源基础，剩余油气资源总量和储量规模较大，但资源品位降低，勘 探开发对象日趋复杂；东部老油区产量递减快，稳产难度大；低品位、非常规和深层、深海等油气主要上 产领域的技术适应性有待进一步增强；勘探开发成本不断上升，投入不足；油气勘探开发还没有形成有效 的竞争环境；国家和地方政府还没有形成完善配套的政策法规和有效的监管机制。针对上述制约中国油气 增储上产的关键问题，通过我国近年来油气勘探开发现状分析，重点从勘探开发管理体制机制和国家政策 推动等方面提出了加大风险勘探力度、深化国企体制机制改革、有序开放油气上游市场、健全法规加强监 管等对策建议。

关键词: 油气资源, 勘探开发, 增储上产, 体制机制, 政策法规