转型背景下全球主要石油公司发展动向与策略

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2023.06.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 2022年以来，全球油气市场逐步摆脱新冠疫情影响，石油公司在低碳转型背景下呈现出不同的发展特点。国际石油公司开展大幅度资产减值，储产量同步下降，公司间竞争格局发生重大改变；国家石油公司在高油价背景下顺势增产增利，经营业绩显著提升；独立石油公司投资活动现金流出减少，但凭借在低油价期间购入的国际石油公司剥离资产，实现储产量同步增长。国际石油公司加快向综合性能源公司转型，持续加强天然气综合利用方式及战略规划，进一步拓展深水油气业务；欧美公司低碳转型路径差异化凸显。国家石油公司在转型窗口期加速资源开发利用，以资源换发展，多途径推动国际化水平。建议我国石油公司在转型决策窗口机遇期积极拓展海外优质资产，持续做优做强海外油气业务；发挥国内市场优势，加大国外油气资源勘探开发合作力度；大力构建深水商务作业能力，提升深水业务竞争力；坚定能源低碳转型与绿色技术研发，推动油气与再生能源融合发展。

关键词: 能源转型；国际石油公司；国家石油公司；独立石油公司；资产优化；发展策略

Abstract: Global oil and gas market has got ridden of the COVID-19 influence since 2022. Oil companies have shown different development characteristics under the background of the green low-carbon transition. International oil companies have made substantial impairment of their assets in steps with declining reserve and production. Great changes have taken place in the situation of competition among the companies. National oil companies took advantage of the chance to increase production and profit against the background of high oil prices with their business performance improved remarkably. Independent oil companies reduced cash outflow from their investment activities, but they made their reserve and production grow by means of acquiring the assets peeled off by international oil companies during the low oil price period. International oil companies accelerated transition to an integrated energy firm, continually strengthened integrated utilization and strategic plans for natural gas and further expanded their deepwater oil and gas business. The differentiations loomed large in low-carbon transition of European and American companies. National oil companies accelerated development and utilization of resources in the transitional window stage and took advantages of resources for business development, thus improving the internationalization level through various channels. It is proposed that China’s oil companies should expand overseas high-quality assets and continually optimized overseas oil and gas business during the transitional decision-making window stage. They should take advantage of the domestic market to step up the efforts for cooperation with foreign countries in exploration and development of oil and gas resources, establish the deepwater commercial and operational ability, improve the competitiveness for deepwater business, pursue energy low-carbon transition and green technological research and development, and promote oil and gas development in harmony with renewable energy.

Key words: energy transition, international oil companies, national oil companies, independent oil companies, asset optimization, development strategy

中图分类号:

F416.22

张宁宁　王建君　曹庆超　王青　黄飞　孙沛霖. 转型背景下全球主要石油公司发展动向与策略[J]. 石油科技论坛, 2023, 42(6): 77-86.

Zhang Ningning, Wang Jianjun, Cao Qingchao, Wang Qing, Huang Fei, Sun Peilin. Development Trends and Strategies of Global Oil Majors in Context of Low-carbon Transition[J]. Petroleum Science and Technology Forum, 2023, 42(6): 77-86.

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