Central SOEs are large-scale State-owned enterprises directly under management and supervision of the Central Government. Currently, China has 124 such enterprises covering the important areas of the national economy, such as military industry, electric power, petroleum, chemicals, coal, communications, transportation, iron and steel, manufacturing,aerospace. They play an important role in implementation of China’s “innovation-driven” strategy. Central SOEs have accumulated technological power and technological innovative resources with abundant innovative results. The positions and dominance of central SOEs cannot be replaced in the nation’s technological innovation system. They should take full advantage of their technological innovation system to lead industrial development and technological research, playing a key role in the nation’s key engineering technological projects.