Eye-catching achievements have been made in China’s development of high-speed rail in recent years, with the technological innovation capability remarkably improved. The success in high-speed rail technological innovation shows that it is feasible and necessary to bring about rapid technological development on the basis of China’s huge and urgent market demand, major engineering projects, national institutional advantages and unified industrial plan. Long-term technological accumulation is also indispensible for the success. The principle of independent technological innovation holds the key to improvement of technological capacity, establishment of technological standards and creation of China’s big-name brands. Synergetic innovation, systematic innovation and indigenous innovation provides a powerful support for continuous improvement of China’s high-speed rail technology so that this technology can be appreciated worldwide.