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25 December 2012, Volume 31 Issue 6 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Panorama of China's Non-Conventional Natural Gas Hu Wen-rui 2012, 31(6): 1-4.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2012.06.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (4227KB) ( )   Exploration and development of non-conventional natural gas has become a main trend for the world. This article defines the conceptions of nonconventional natural gas reserves and elaborates on underground absorption and current conditions of China's non-conventional natural gas as well as the two-element practice experience and exiting issues. It briefs about the future development plan and comes up with the related implementation measures and workable suggestions. China is rich in non-conventional natural gas resources and has a promising prospect for development. It is necessary to step up basic research in this sector and borrow the experience and technological route in large-scale and effective development of compact (low permeability) oil and gas. Development pattern of low-permeability oil and gas in Ordos Basin and successful experience in US shale gas development should be brought under consideration so as to seek the methods suitable for China's geological and surface conditions and open up "a way for development of non-conventional resources with the Chinese characteristics" in the joint efforts.

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Discussion on Evaluation Standard of Leading Reserve Technology for Land Oil and Gas Development in China Guo Xiao-zhe, Zhu Shi-jiao, Wang Xiu-bo 2012, 31(6): 5-8.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2012.06.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (2150KB) ( )   China's national oil and gas strategy and the production status of oil and gas companies promote the construction of prospective oil and gas technology innovation system. The selection and determination of the most cutting-edge leading reserve technology is directly related to the development capacity in later stage. Therefore, to systematically study and work out the evaluation standard of leading reserve technology has great significance. According to the analysis about the challenge confronted by China's land oil and gas development and the technical requirement from national overall development strategy, this paper proposed the goal that the leading reserve technology tended to achieve and the principle of evaluation, designed the evaluation system of five indexes including the degree of advancement, the degree of maturity, the degree of demand, the degree of modernization, and the degree of possibility, and specified the limits of evaluation standard. On the basis of multi-factor index system, this paper gave the methods for calculating reserve value and the standard of technical classification based on reserve value.

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3D Real-Time Automatic Magnetic-Guided Technology for Directional Well to Hit Target Accurately Qu Jia-ming, Guo Qing, Du Ai-min, Shu Pei-yi 2012, 31(6): 9-13,41.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2012.06.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (7797KB) ( )   Currently, the accuracy of basic magnetic parameters is not high in China's magnetic guided drilling process. The drilling trajectory from the inaccurate wellhead leads to considerable errors in the 2D and 3D process. As a result, course deviation happens frequently. Based on high-precision magnetic surveys and geological development in the oil fields in the past 17 years, the article elaborates the necessity to provide high-precision and high-density magnetic survey for accurate target-hitting drilling service in China's oil fields. The 3D magnetic databank for the underground drilling region is built on the basis of the geomagnetic Gauss theory and the surface magnetic survey, with the obsolete oil wells and magnetic boundaries of the oil field's underground drilling region as the constraint conditions. The computer 3D imaging technology is used for real-time visualization of drilling operation to provide a new way for drilling machines to be automatically-guided and obstacle-evading. In the opinion of the author, magnetic and geological guide technology integrated into MWD is a perfect assembly for drilling of directional well. The theory and methods as well as successful application are of creative progress in China's magnetic guided drilling sector.

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Study and Application of Spectral Log Technology Liu Zhi-gang 2012, 31(6): 14-17.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2012.06.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (6329KB) ( )   Well log has two main technological responsibilities. One is to make rapid and accurate identification of the complicated rock characters at the oil and gas drilling site while the other is to make real-time and detailed appraisal of the oil, gas and water formations underground. This article briefs about the spectral log technology that is currently under research and application in the well log sector. It also overviews the advantages of spectral log technology, such as direct inspection of rock characters and oil bearing properties, quickness, precision and stability of inspection, and high digitalization. The article also focuses on some key technological points, such as spectrum information processing, geological calibration, spectrum analysis and spectrum geological appraisal, while analyzing the bottlenecks for on-the-field application of spectral log technology and the prospect for the future application and pointing out that this technology will become the main orientation for development of new well log technology in the future. This is of great importance to promote application of spectral log technology on the operational site.

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Method for Quantitative Evaluation of Technological Development of Pipeline Transportation Enterprises Li Xiao-yu, Yu Shu-qing, Yan Chun-hui 2012, 31(6): 18-23.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2012.06.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (2469KB) ( )   Contribution rate of technological development is one of the important indicators for quantitative evaluation of the technological development level of an enterprise. Since the "C-D production functions" and the "Solow residua" method are limited in selection of production factors and estimation of parameters, the calculated results are not in line with the actual conditions of the enterprise. Therefore, many economists are studying new calculation methods and models. Take oil and gas pipeline transportation enterprises for example. Based on the six-element production theory of modern economics and the principle of scale economics and take the production and operation constraints into account, the model is added with the key objective elements that restrict development and production of the enterprise. The theoretical errors of the original method are explained according to the "bucket theory" and "crowding theory of factors of production", while the elasticity coefficient estimation method is proposed on the basis of the new elements to improve the growth function model. It can compensate for the shortcomings of traditional methods in the enterprise applications, and make the results of quantitative assessment of technological development closer to the actual conditions.

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Research on Development of Petroleum Technological Talents Yan Jian-wen, Wang Duan, He xin-chun, Yu Bao-hua, Wang Zhi-yuan, Zhao Chun-hua 2012, 31(6): 24-30.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2012.06.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (2483KB) ( )   This article makes a systematic analysis of the factors influencing technological talents in the petroleum industry on the basis of their personal background, personalities, education, work experiences, research achievements and academic degrees. The mathematical model is built for the first time to analyze the technological talents. Development of petroleum technological talents can be summarized as the following five points: Personal quality holds the key to development of talents; The height for development of talents depends on high-level development platform; Work experience is indispensible to a talent; Petroleum industrial particularity will inevitably influence development of talents; Development of talents is affected by their partial understanding. There are five laws for development of petroleum technological talents——the law for personal quality, the law for "top advantages" to develop talents, the law for learning time effect, the law for environmental optimized effect and the law for expectation effect. The article comes up with the relative suggestions and concrete measures to select, develop and use petroleum technological talents, helping development of high-quality technological talents for the petroleum industry.

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Enhance Independent Innovation Capability and Create Key Technology for Enterprises Li Dong-qing 2012, 31(6): 31-32,36.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2012.06.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (2208KB) ( )   No.5 Oil Production Plant of PetroChina Huabei Oilfield Company has enhanced its independent innovation capacity and developed key technology with its own characteristics in recent years. It has achieved a number of technological creation results, advanced both inside and outside China, particularly in the areas of cold production of heavy oil, automatic monitoring, ground crude oil dehydration at low temperature, recovery and utilization of scattered natural gas, stabilization and improvement of single-well production. The enterprise has created more than 100 patented inventions, substantially improving its core technological competitiveness. This article focuses on the creation results of No.5 Oil Production Plant achieved in its efforts for independent technological creation as well as the measures taken to enhance management of intellectual property rights, stimulation of technological personnel's initiatives, and acceleration of integration of technological research with production.

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Active Well Control Measures of Ultra-Low Permeability Reservoir Sun Xue-jun, Wen Yu-ming 2012, 31(6): 33-36.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2012.06.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (1951KB) ( )   Development and utilization of low-permeability and ultra-low permeability oil reservoirs is an issue PetroChina has to face on a long-term basis. Successful development and utilization of ultra-low permeability reservoirs in large areas in Changqing Oilfield allows active well control measures to be gradually established in the drilling sector. So far as the development history of 42 years in Changqing, well control for drilling operation has experienced three technological development stages——extensive management, re-understanding and active well control. This article focuses on the key technological points of well control and stresses that it is necessary to take active well control measures for low-pressure, low permeability and low-porosity reservoirs.

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Shale Gas Revolution Leads to Major Creation for Oil and Gas Geology and Exploration Zhang Kang 2012, 31(6): 37-41.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2012.06.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (2101KB) ( )   Shale gas revolution makes exploration of non-conventional oil and gas resources in parallel with conventional oil and gas resources. Meanwhile, it also means a major breakthrough in traditional oil and gas geological and exploration theories. As for non-conventional oil and gas, "sourcing, reservoir, caprock, migration, accumulation and storage" are no longer regarded as guide to understand oil and gas existence. Identification and selection of traps are neither taken as the necessary process in exploration. The mindset for exploration experiences a revolutionary creation. The efforts will be focused on the "sweet spot" with integration of exploration and development at a high level so far as low-degree non-conventional oil and gas distributed in large areas are concerned. Attention should be paid to the characteristics of non-conventional oil and gas exploration and development so as to improve the theories and methods in this area. It is necessary to develop a series of technologies suitable for China's conditions in the efforts to promote the nation's non-conventional oil and gas development.

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Outline of Russia's Strategic Plan for Exploration of Development of Oil and Gas Resources in North Polar Continental Shelf Han Xue-qiang 2012, 31(6): 42-46.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2012.06.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (2763KB) ( )   In recent years, Russia has been concerned to oil and gas development in North Polar area and defined it as the core area in its strategic oil and gas development in the 21st century. Russia's North Polar area is distributed in Barents, Pechora Sea, Kala Sea, Laptev Sea, East Siberian Sea and Chukchi Sea. Based on "Russia's Strategic Plan for Exploration and Development of Oil and Gas Resources in North Polar Continental Shelf," oil and gas development zones are planned to be established in Yamal Peninsular, Barents, Kaka Sea and Pechora Sea. It is estimated that the oil and natural gas production in the continental shelf will reach 95 million tons and 320 billion cubic meters respectively by 2020. Russia's development of oil and gas resources in North Polar continental shelf aims at compensating for onshore oil and gas decline in the future. However, Russia will face considerable bottlenecks and high risks in development of North Polar oil and gas resources.

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Current Conditions and Development Trend of Foreign Phased Fracturing Technology for Horizontal Well Zhang Huan-zhi, He Yan-qing, Liu Jia, Zhang Hua-zhen 2012, 31(6): 47-52.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2012.06.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (6190KB) ( )   With Horizontal well put into application on a large scale, many foreign companies have tested phased fracturing technology for horizontal well since 2002. This technology is basically perfected and suitable for different well completion conditions after a decade of development. The main phased horizontal well fracturing technology can be classified into three categories: hydraulic jet phased fracturing technology, open-hole packer phased fracturing technology and quick drilling bridge-plug phased fracturing technology. Of those, open-hole packer phased fracturing technology finds widest application. Starting from 2007, phased horizontal well fracturing technology became the main technology for non-conventional oil and gas development and was put into application on a large scale in North America. Currently, more than 30 foreign companies are available for providing phased horizontal well fracturing equipment and technological service. Those companies acquired this technology mainly through independent research and acquisition. There will be four development trends for phased horizontal well fracturing technology in the future——high diversion fracturing, phase-multiplied fracturing, screen fracturing and sweet spot detecting while fracturing.

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Series of Closed Swabbing Tools for Oil and Gas Well Safety Deng Ji-xue, Liu Huan, Zhou Jian-zhu, Zhang Min, Gao Hong-ping, Yang Hong-bin 2012, 31(6): 53-55.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2012.06.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (2504KB) ( )   Closed swabbing units for oil and gas well safety allow no liquid filtrated and no associated gas leaked from the wellhead in the process of swabbing to meet the HSE requirements. The wellhead part of this unit is composed of air controlled stuffing box, wireline centralizer, and anti-pulling-out device. The wellbore part is composed of sink bar connected with wireline, safety connector and efficient hydraulic swab. Application of air controlled stuffing box and anti-pulling-out device can keep the wellhead closed in the swabbing process and prevent wireline from broken owing to inappropriate operation. The field application indicates that this unit is reasonable in structure and stable in functions with the swabbing capacity raised to 3-4.5m3 from 0.3-0.45m3, 10 times as high as the original capacity. The sealing capacity is desirable under the wellhead pressure of 3.0 MPa, entirely satisfying the requirements on safety of closed swabbing for oil and gas wells.

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Pipe-End Facing Machine of PFM Series Zhang Feng, Zhang Yi, Liu Ran, Pang Ya-feng, Wang Chang-jiang 2012, 31(6): 56-57.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2012.06.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (1797KB) ( )   Thanks to rapid development of pipeline automatic welding technology, the requirements on pipe-end facing is higher and higher for welding technique. The groove form and precision are the key factors to influence welding quality. Pipe-end facing machines of PFM series have such advantages as precise positioning and coring, high cutting force, quick in cutting speed and high precision. The series can process various grooves, such as V type, U type, X type and composite types. The tracing profile mechanism on the rotating cutterhead can keep the processed bevel shape in line with the requirements. The throttle automatic control system can allow the processing speed and idle to interchange. With operational convenience and other advantages, this series fully satisfies the engineering demand and has become the indispensible key equipment for pipeline welding. Localization of pipe-end facing machine of the PFM series has broken foreign technological blockage and price monopoly, satisfied the demand for bevel form and precision in the pipe-end automatic welding technological sector, and effectively improved the technological level and economic results of China's pipeline construction.

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Pipeline Internal Circumferential Automatic Welding Machine of PIW Series Zeng Hui-lin, Liu Ran, Zhao Yong-qiang, Ma Zhi-feng, Yin Tie 2012, 31(6): 58-59.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2012.06.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (1770KB) ( )   With the demand of long-distance pipeline for high-efficiency welding becoming increasingly high, root welding——the key link in the welding process——is more and more concerned. The quality and speed of root welding are the bottlenecks for development of effective welding technology. The pipeline internal circumferential automatic welding machine of the PIW series is an integration of machinery, electrical control and pneumatics. The integratedesigned structures of its counterpart system and welding system can allow the lineup and root welding to be completed on concentration in the large-diameter pipeline welding construction. Engineering application shows that the pipeline internal circumferential welding machine of the PIW series is characterized with quick speed, good quality and high efficiency, desirably solving root welding problems and satisfying the demand of the existing pipeline construction for high root welding quality. Localization of the pipeline internal circumferential automatic welding machine of the PIW series has not only made a breakthrough in development of high-efficiency welding technology, but also broken foreign technological blockage and price monopoly, satisfied the demand for bevel form and precision in the pipe-end automatic welding technological sector, effectively improving the technological level and economic results of China's pipeline construction.

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Straight Tee of Grade X80 DN1200 Li Yu-zhuo, Zhu Peng, Liu Jin-sheng, Li Hai-liang, Xu Zhi-hui 2012, 31(6): 60-61.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2012.06.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (2520KB) ( )   Tee is the important part indispensible for the oil and gas transmission pipeline system. With the energy demand becoming increasingly high, oil and gas pipelines develop in the direction of large diameter, high pressure and high steel grade. China's second West-East gas pipeline (with a diameter of 1219mm and a pressure of 12MPa) shows that tubular steel of Grade X80 has been put into application on a large scale. Therefore, it is inevitable to study straight tee of Grade X80 DN1200. China Petroleum Pipeline Machinery Manufacture Co Ltd successfully passed the appraisal on tee of Grade X80 organized by CNPC in December 2008, filling a blank in production of steel tubular of Grade X80 in the Chinese and foreign pipeline sector. This article briefs about the key technologies, such as the manufacturing process of the product, selection of welding materials, welding process, sizes of the structure, formation technology and thermal processing. Made under thermal pressure manufacture, this product has a strong anti-pressure capacity, a high dynamic function and a high safety property. It is used in large batches in the second West-East gas pipeline with a 100 percent qualification rate, satisfying the engineering demand.

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JYJT-U Monolithic Insulating Joint Yang Yun-lan, Zou Feng, Yang Chao-yang, Zhang Sheng, Gou Dong-mei, Hao Hai-bo, Feng Yan-li 2012, 31(6): 62-63.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2012.06.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (2128KB) ( )   To localize insulating joint for construction of large-diameter and high-pressure oil and gas pipelines, China Petroleum Pipeline Machinery Manufacture Co Ltd adopted the limited element analysis design method and independently developed JYJT-U monolithic insulating joint, which has a U-shaped self-tightening sealed monolithic structure and is safe and reliable in use as well as free from maintenance. This technology is a domestic leader and reaches the international advanced level. This article briefs about the functions and usages of the product and its structure, functional indexes, on-the-field inspection and tested structure. This series of products has been used in a number of oil and gas pipeline projects in China, successfully breaking the foreign monopoly in this sector.

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MB-ZS Safety Self-Locking Quick-Opening Closure Yang Yun-lan, Zou Feng, Yang Guo-yi, Li Meng, Zhao Jian-xin, Li Wen-yong, Peng Cheng, Xu Zhi-hui 2012, 31(6): 64-65,68.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2012.06.017 Abstract ( )   PDF (2549KB) ( )   To localize quick-opening closure for construction of large-diameter high-pressure oil and gas pipeline, China Petroleum Pipeline Machinery Manufacture Co Ltd adopted the limited element analysis design method and independently developed the MB-ZS safety self-locking quick-opening closure. This product adopts a self-locking loop structure and two-phase self-tightening sealing structure with joint locks and dual warning functions. With operational high efficiency and convenience, this product, for the first time allows a large-size stand quick-opening closure to be opened automatically. This technology has become a domestic leader and reached the international advanced level. This series of products has been used in a number of oil and gas pipeline projects in China and broken the foreign monopoly in this sector.

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High Pressure Fiberglass Line Pipe Zhang Yan-cheng, Zhang Yao-feng, Wei Jun, Liu Hong-feng, Bian Hai-bin 2012, 31(6): 66-68.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2012.06.018 Abstract ( )   PDF (1855KB) ( )   High-pressure fiberglass line pipe is derived from the United States. China started to introduce this product in the 1990s and promoted its application in various oil fields. However, China has not acquired the key production technology of this product owing to the technological barriers. Based on independent research efforts in recent years, CNPC Xinjiang Pipeline Engineering Co Ltd has developed high-pressure fiberglass line pipe, breaking the foreign technological monopoly for this product. This article briefs about the process flow, characteristics of structure, pipe connection, structural design, curing process and other main technological parameters. Some technological problems were solved in the research and development process, such as solidification inside pipe, one-machine-four-axial interwoven and product connection. With the anti-corrosion, anti-temperature and anti-pressure properties, the product satisfies the demand for field application and achieves good results in the oil fields.