Abstract: China is rich in carbonate oil resources of the fractured-vuggy type, with the proven oil geological reserves accumulated to 40.66×10⁸t, thus becoming China’s important area for oil and gas exploration and development and increase of reserve and production. Thanks to the buried depth of more than 6500 meters, the description of the carbonate fractured-vuggy body is of low accuracy with diversification of the flowing patterns. It is difficult to make prediction by means of simulation. Water injection is easy to make the oil well flooded and ruined. The reservoir of this type is a world-class bottleneck. A series of the deep-layer carbonate oil and gas development technologies was innovated on the basis of the technological research and practice for nearly two decades. (1) The technologies for diffraction wave separation and reverse-time depth migration high-precision imaging, characterization of the internal structure of the fractured-vuggy body and faulted karst body prediction are created to form the karst geological modelling technology based on the geological databank and dynamic constraint. (2) The multi-scale composite media coupling numerical simulation theory is established to form the cavity-seam-pore variable coupling numerical simulation technology and parallel computing software. (3) The water-injection development theory of the fractured-vuggy oil reservoirs is developed to establish the space-structured well pattern design method and bring about recovery from cavities by injection into fractures, high recovery from low injection and recovery by injection into the same layers, obviously improving the reserve controlling degree of surface karst, underground-river karst and fault-controlling karst. (4) The nitrogen-injecting cavity top-driving mechanism is explained to form the technology to select the wells for single-well nitrogen injection and optimize the injection-production parameters. (5) The targeting acidizing and fracturing technology for any directions other than the main stress direction is establish to bring about renovation from one direction into multiple ones and from one fracture into multiple ones, thus improving the acidizing and fracturing target-hitting rate and the renovation performance. Based on application of the key development technology for deep carbonate fractured-vuggy reservoirs, the productivity rate of the new wells reached 91.7 percent in Tahe Oilfield, with the annual oil production kept stable at more than 550×10⁴t. As a result, Shunbei Oil and Gas Field, a 1-billion-ton large-scale field, was found and rapidly put into production.

摘要： 我国碳酸盐岩缝洞型深层油气资源量丰富，累计探明石油地质储量达40.66×10⁸t，已成为中国油气勘探开发和油气增储上产的重要领域。由于埋深在6500m以下的碳酸盐岩缝洞体描述精度低、流动模式多样、模拟预测难度大，注水窜流易造成油井暴性水淹，此类油藏开发是世界级难题。经过近20年的技术攻关与实践，创新形成碳酸盐岩深层油气开发技术系列。（1）创建绕射波分离和逆时深度偏移高精度成像、缝洞体内部结构刻画及断溶体预测技术，形成基于地质知识库和动态约束的岩溶地质建模技术；（2）建立多尺度复合介质耦合数值模拟理论，形成洞、缝、孔变重耦合的数值模拟技术与并行计算软件，提高了油藏模拟精度与速度；（3）发展缝洞型油藏注水开发理论，建立空间结构井网设计方法，实现缝注洞采、低注高采、同层注采，表层岩溶、古暗河岩溶及断控岩溶的储量控制程度明显提高；（4）揭示注氮气洞顶驱机理，形成单井、井组注氮气选井与注采参数优化技术；（5）形成非主应力任意方向靶向酸压改造技术，实现单向变多向、单缝变多缝，提高了酸压中靶率及酸压改造效果。通过碳酸盐岩深层缝洞型油气藏开发关键技术应用，塔河油田新井建产率达91.7%，年产油长期稳产在550×10⁴t以上，支撑了顺北10亿吨级大油气田的发现与快速上产。

关键词: 碳酸盐岩, 缝洞型, 深层油气藏, 开发关键技术, 塔河油田, 顺北油气田