Abstract: There have been ups and downs in technological development of global hydrogen energy industry since the year of 1965. Driven by three main dynamic forces of energy security, climate changes and technological progress, the advanced countries and regions like Japan, the United States, the European Union and the Republic of Korea formulated their hydrogen energy industrial policies according to their own actual conditions. Japan and the Republic of Korea also released the detailed development route maps, with the hydrogen energy industry guided by the clear-cut policies. The United States attached importance to technological development but had a poor stability for policy support. The European Union used hydrogen energy to bring about low-carbon energy transformation. The industrial policies and continual investment in research and development as well as financial subsidies have substantially stimulated technological development and industrialization of hydrogen energy and fuel battery technology. Currently, China’s hydrogen energy industrial policy is short of top design at the national level but the local governments have a great enthusiasm for hydrogen energy, leading to a development momentum from bottom up. It is proposed that China should borrow the experiences in formulation of the industrial policies from the advanced hydrogen energy countries, clearly define the position of hydrogen energy in the country’s energy system and subsidize the whole industrial chain. In addition, China should include hydrogen energy into the national energy management system with reference to the natural gas management pattern.

摘要： 1965 年以来，全球氢能产业技术发展经历了几起几落。在能源安全、气候变化和技术进步三 大动力驱动下，日本、美国、欧盟、韩国等先进国家和地区依据本国实际情况，明确各国的发展定位，制 定了氢能相关的产业政策。日本、韩国发布了详细的发展路线图，政策导向明确；美国重视技术培育，政 策支持稳定性较差；欧盟利用氢能助力低碳能源转型，发展形成合力。在各国相关产业政策以及持续研发 投入和财税补贴的推动下，极大地促进了氢能和燃料电池技术进步和产业化推广。目前，我国氢能产业政 策缺乏国家层面的顶层设计，地方政府积极性较高，呈现自下而上推动的态势。建议我国充分借鉴氢能先 发国家产业政策制定和推动的经验，明确氢能源在我国能源体系中的定位，对全产业链进行补贴，并参照 天然气的管理模式，将氢能纳入国家能源管理体系。

关键词: 氢能政策, 先发国家, 补贴, 产业发展