Abstract: Shale gas production has jumped rapidly in the United States since the start of the new century. Gas price drop has also stimulated shale oil development. Both of the US shale oil and gas productions have grown quickly since 2008, enabling the country’s total oil and gas production growth to rank first in the world. It is the main source of the global production growth. Oil and natural gas prices dropped to a relatively low level in the United States. US natural gas consumption growth has lowered the country’s coal consumption and proportion. On the contrary, Europe has seen gas consumption decrease and coal consumption increase in the same period, reflecting a powerful vitality of fossil fuels. Bottlenecks have remained for development of new energy, which is short of market competitiveness and depends on subsidies and preferential policies. Shale oil and gas development can create more liberal environment and conditions for development of new energy.

Key words: the United States, shalegas, shale oil, compactoil, energy consumption structure, newenergy

摘要： 进入新世纪,美国页岩气产量剧增,气价下降又促进了页岩油的发展;2008年以来美国页岩油气产量双双快速增长,致使其油气总产量的增长居于各国之先,成为世界产量增长的主要来源。美国石油、特别是天然气价格也降至较低水平。美国天然气消费量及其所占比例增长,导致煤炭消费量及其所占比例下降。这种变化与同期欧洲气降煤升的构成变化相对比,说明化石能源仍有强大的生命力。新能源在缺乏市场竞争力时过分依靠补贴和优惠政策发展有困难,页岩油气的发展可为新能源的发展创造更宽松的环境和条件。

关键词: 美国, 页岩气, 页岩油, 致密油, 能源消费构成, 新能源