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25 October 2013, Volume 32 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Research on Industrialization and Development of China's Non-Conventional Oil and Gas Resources Liu Hongyuan, Zhao Houchuan and Mu Dongyang 2013, 32(5): 1-5.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2013.05.001 Abstract ( )   Supply and development of non-conventional oil and gas resources are an industrialization process, which is not only related to the conditions of resources, technology and economic properties but also the competition with conventional oil and gas resources. Taking the environmental conditions of non-conventional oil and gas resource industrialization as the research targets, this article systematically analyzes the structural contradictions and market environment facing non-conventional oil and gas resource industrialization. Based on the analysis, the paper comes up with the suggestions on construction of the environment for industrialization of non-conventional oil and gas resources in terms of technology, market, capital and infrastructure. It points out the development pattern should be adopted as dominated by the government with involvement of multiple parties. Based on the related policies of the state, the competition mechanism should be appropriately introduced to shape the environment for industrialization of non-conventional oil and gas resources. The concrete measures include increase of the investment for technological research, promotion of technological development, consolidation of industrial management, standardization ofcompetitionbehaviorandenhancement of financial and monetarysupport forhealth development ofindustrialization. Itisalso necessary to restructure the business pattern of the national oil and gas pipeline network to create favorable infrastructure conditions.

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Optimization and Deployment of Low-Permeability Gas Reservoir Horizontal Well;Study and Practice of Geological Steering Drilling Method---Taking Southern Part of Eastern Block of Sulige Gas Field for Example Chen Fengxi, Wang Yong, Fei Shixiang and Zhang Baoguo 2013, 32(5): 6-11.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2013.05.002 Abstract ( )   Development technology of horizontal well has unique advantages to improve single-well production of low-permeability gas reservoir and improve overall economic performance of gas fields. Detailed sand body description and reservoir assessment are used as important means to optimize and select favorable target zones for horizontal welldevelopment.Aiming atthedevelopmentcharacteristicsofUpperand LowerPaleozoicreservoirsinthesouthern part of the eastern block of Sulige Gas Field, the efforts were focused to optimize and deploy horizontal wells on the basis of overall development including a large cluster of horizontal wells. Horizontal well can be designed according to the development characteristics of different sand bodies and efficient sand bodies. Three trajectories of horizontal sections can be adopted --- straight horizontal, from-top-to-bottom horizontal and gradient horizontal. Geological steering should be aimed at improving the drilling success rate of reservoir. Adjustment should be focused on tracing of target and tracing of horizontal section, thus developing a series of horizontal well geological steering tracing technologies, including four technologies for adjustment of target point and six technologies of trajectory control technologies. The study has achieved good results when used for horizontal well development. Two wells produced 1 million cubic meters of gas each while the effective drilling success rate of reservoir was improved 91.6 percent.

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Study of Basic Contradictions and Main Controlling Factors of Offshore Low-Permeability Oilfield Development Xu Wenjiang, Tan Xianhong, Yu Yanbing, Meng Hongqu and Jiang Weidong 2013, 32(5): 12-16.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2013.05.003 Abstract ( )   This paper focuses on the geological characteristics of low-permeability oil reservoirs, such as small pore throats, difficult movement of fluids, low porosity and low abundance, as well as the development characteristics, such as natural productivity of oil production wells and poor capability of water injection wells for absorption of water. Based on the conditions of offshore oilfield development, the paper studies a series of problems of offshore low-permeability oil reservoir development, such as extreme injection-production well pattern, horizontal sweep efficiency and vertical producing degree, and injection-production balance. It also makes analysis of three basic contradictions facing offshore low-permeability oilfield development ---the contradiction between “using less wells for development” and “effective injection and production”, the contradiction between “high-efficiency production” and “low sweep efficiency” and the contradiction between “high-efficiency development” and “injection-production imbalance”. The main controlling factors of those contradictions can be attributed to a few development wells ofoffshoreoilfields becauseoftheoffshoreenvironment and high production cost.Withthestudyof the orientationtomake technological breakthrough, the paper points out that the efforts should be focused on improvement of single-well production and reduction of allocation in single-well engineering investment while exploring a new pattern for effective development in the areas of well type, well pattern and injection-production style.

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Present Conditions and Development Trend of CBM Technology Zhang Huazhen, Wang Lipeng and Liu Jia 2013, 32(5): 17-21.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2013.05.004 Abstract ( )   Based on the study of CBM development technological data, this article makes briefings about the present conditions of CBM development technology, such as drilling, fracturing, extraction of gas and EOR. Focusing on the technological characteristics and application results, the article also analyzes the application potential and development orientation of CBM development technology. In the light of China’s CBM geological conditions, it proposes to introduce and develop multi-lateral horizontal well technology and coil tubing fracturing technology and further perfect the supporting technology, such asdrillingfluid, fracturingfluidandcompletion fluid.

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Comprehensive Assessment of Petroleum Engineering and Technological Competitiveness Wang minsheng, Qu Yaoming and Guang Xinjun 2013, 32(5): 22-27.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2013.05.005 Abstract ( )   Petroleum engineering technological competitiveness depends on the quantity and quality of technological resources as well as the capability of a service company to directionally restructure its resources. The index system of appraising petroleum engineering technological competitiveness was designed on the basis of two main elements --- technological resource and competition competence. The system includes 18 indexes in five areas, such as the ability of technological resource, the ability of research and development, the conversion ability of technological results, the organizational ability of competition, and the profit-making ability. The index system of assessment was used to establish the assessment model on the basis of leveled analysis and ambiguous comprehensive assessment method in order to make general quantitative analysis and comparison. This method can objectively appraise and identify the petroleum engineering technological competitiveness of oilfield service companies so that they can make analysis of the problems and formulate the related policies.

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Establish Scientific Research Platform to Upgrade Research Work of Institute Chen Junbin and Han Jiyong 2013, 32(5): 28-29.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2013.05.006 Abstract ( )   This article focuses on the principles for scientific research work in the high-education institutions, the capability for technological creation, development of research personnel and the relative policies and measures. It briefs about the scientific research work and achievements made in Petroleum Engineering Institute of Xi’an Petroleum University in the 11th Five-Year Plan Period. The concrete measures included establishment of research platform to create the first-class research conditions, highlight of personnel, projects and results to upgrade technological creation level, promotion of international cooperation and exchange to widen the visions of scientific and teaching personnel, and stimulation of the technological personnel’s initiatives for technological creation. Those achievements have made a solid foundation for Petroleum Engineering Institute to further improve its scientific research and teaching work during the 12th Five-Year Plan Period. The institute will continue its efforts for development of some academic leaders, famous both at home and abroad, and creation ofbenchmarkscientific researchresults in the future.

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Momentum of US Shale Oil and Gas Production Growth Zhang Kang and Zhang Kuiye 2013, 32(5): 30-35.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2013.05.007 Abstract ( )   Shale gas production has jumped rapidly in the United States since the start of the new century. Gas price drop has also stimulated shale oil development. Both of the US shale oil and gas productions have grown quickly since 2008, enabling the country’s total oil and gas production growth to rank first in the world. It is the main source of the global production growth. Oil and natural gas prices dropped to a relatively low level in the United States. US natural gas consumption growth has lowered the country’s coal consumption and proportion. On the contrary, Europe has seen gas consumption decrease and coal consumption increase in the same period, reflecting a powerful vitality of fossil fuels. Bottlenecks have remained for development of new energy, which is short of market competitiveness and depends on subsidies and preferential policies. Shale oil and gas development can create more liberal environment and conditions for development of new energy.

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New Progress and Development Trend of Overseas Drilling and Completion Technology ( Ⅰ ) Wang Haige, Liu Yansheng and Wang Lingbi 2013, 32(5): 36-42.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2013.05.008 Abstract ( )   There is a need for improvement of drilling technology due to exploration and development of non-conventional oil and gas and resources in deep layers, deepwater areas and polar areas as well as new energy technological development. The new achievements of foreign drilling technology made in recent years include high-efficiency tripping rig and automatic rig, high-efficiency PDC bit and auxiliary rock-breaking tool, high slope rotary steering tool, high-speed downhole information upload, coil tubing technology, casing and tail pipe drilling technology, deepwater drilling, polar-area drilling, shale gas drilling, real-time drilling optimization and remote monitoring technology, new-type drilling fluid and plugging materials. New materials, new equipment and information technology have made it possible to drill the resources under the extreme environment. MWD technology, remote control and automatic operation are helpful for settlement of complicated geological bottlenecks and satisfaction of increasingly higher HSE standards.

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Progress in Study of Nano-Technology and Its Application for Upstream Oil Industry Worldwide Lu Xuemei and Liu Qian 2013, 32(5): 43-46.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2013.05.009 Abstract ( )   Nano-technology has triggered a new round of industrial revolution and is currently used in exploration and development of oil fields. This article briefs about nano-technology and its research and application areas and inspects what has been achieved in the upstream sector of the oil and gas industry. The achievements include intelligent fluid (nano-sensor), oilfield chemical additives, materials for exploration and development equipment, pipeline coatings and handling of pollution zone of oil fields, land restoration and unexpected accidents and environmental protection, displaying a great application potential for nano-technology. Combination of this technology with oil production technology will inevitably play an important role in oil and gas production.

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Pre-stressed Vacuum Insulated Tubing Pan Yaoqing, Zhu Jinli and Zhang Xiaohui 2013, 32(5): 47-48.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2013.05.010 Abstract ( )   Based on the concrete requirements of heavy oil thermal production process on insulated tubing, Liaohe Thermal Recovery Machinery Manufacturing Company has successfully developed pre-stressed vacuum insulated tubing, making the grade of domestic insulated tubing rise to D and E from B and C. The new tubing has excellent insulation performance and safety performance during high temperature and high pressure gas injection process. With the technological research efforts for structural design, selection of tubular materials, verification of strength and improvement of process, the company has developed a series of N80 steel grade insulated tubing for deep-well production, offshore oil production and high-temperature and high-pressure well production. The products were put into field application. They fill certain blanks in technological indexes, such as tripping-in depth, inner pressure resistance and outer pressure resistance. The products lead the world in technology and quality and now come under industrialization.

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Electric Submersible Pump System for High GOR Well Wang Weijun, Liu Jintong and Qu Wenying 2013, 32(5): 49-51.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2013.05.011 Abstract ( )   To meet the need for effective development of wells with high gas content, the company has studied and developed the electric submersible pump (ESP) system for high gas well. The system adopts various forms of assemblage, such as “single-stage separator + gas pre-treatment device +multiphase pump” and “double-stage separator or gas sand anchor with dome + multiphase pump”. Based on the independently-developed computer program, the multiphase flow of various parts within the oil well and pump is brought under analysis and numerical simulation to determine gas pre-treatment and separation structure and significantly improve the adaptability of ESP system with gas. With the gas-liquid ratio at the absorption inlet of pump improved more than 70 percent, the application scope is enlarged for the system. Meanwhile, the system can reduce the bottom-hole flowing pressure and improve the single-well gas output, reaching the international advanced level and having a promising prospect for application.

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Electric Submersible Pump Cable Wang Peng, Zhang Ye, Wang Binhai and Lu Yousheng 2013, 32(5): 52-54.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2013.05.012 Abstract ( )   Electric submersible pump cable is the main integral part of artificial lifting oil production equipment and the tool for transmission of electric energy and information signal. Foreign products have been used for a long period of time thanks to the complicated downhole working conditions and high technological requirements on ESP cable. This article makes detailed briefings about functions, structures, materials and technical indexes of a series of ESP cable independently developed by Zhongcheng Machinery Manufacturing Company. It also describes the concrete process requirements on the related parts, such as conductor, insulator, laying-up, sheath cover, oil-proof cushion and armor. Based on indoor experiment, field test and field application, a series of products have been produced, which can resist the temperature of 90℃ , 120℃ , 150℃ and 150℃ . They become the technological leaders at home with some of the targets reaching the international advanced level. Field application of those products shows good results and promising prospect. More efforts will be made to study the adaptability of the products so that they can resist high temperature, high pressure and high gas content.

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Optimized Design of Oil and Gas Well Production System and Diagnostic and Decision-Making Software (PetroPE) V1.0 Zhang Jianjun, Shi Junfeng and Zhao Ruidong 2013, 32(5): 55-57.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2013.05.013 Abstract ( )   Based on diversified artificial lifting process and a large amount of oil and gas wells, including the present conditions of deflecting wells, low-yield wells and highwater-cut wells, as well as the technologicaldemandofengineers,thefirstsetoflarge-scaleweb-baseddiagnostic anddecision-making software was successfully developed with our independent intellectual property right. It can satisfy the need for optimization of design, diagnosis of working conditions and management of production for more than 80 percent of China’s oil and gas wells. It can be put on line for data sharing. The latest industrial technology was integrated into this software to create the way to optimize the quantitative lifting method, make a breakthrough in 3D mechanical analysis of wellbore, come up with the design conception on coordination of production, energy consumption and service life and the conception on performance of the equivalent system, and establish the new method for appraisal of the system efficiency. The software reached the international advanced level. With good results of field application and reduction of energy consumption, the system will become the effective tool for optimization of design and management of production.

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Octagonal Tubular Heater Diao Fujun, Zou Feng, Wang Guanxiang, Jia Chunhua, Yu Yingfen, Meng Xiangbin, Jin Shouqi and Che Ping 2013, 32(5): 58-60.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2013.05.014 Abstract ( )   Octagonal tubular heater was independently developed to meet the need for construction of long-distance pipelines and improve and optimize the structure of traditional horizontal tubular heater. This article introduces the usage, work principle, structure, main technical parameters, technical characteristics and field application of the product. Under a latest design, this product has a number of characteristics, such as high single-unit heat load, quick warming, high automation, and reliable safety. Turned out in a family, this product has been successfully used for a number of long-distance pipeline projects and oilfield engineering projects at home, taking a considerable share of long-distance crude pipeline market.

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Complex Oilfield-Produced Water Corrosion Inhibitor Zhao Changlong, Chen Jie, Li Yongqiang, Zhu Ye and Chen Zhijun 2013, 32(5): 61-68.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2013.05.015 Abstract ( )   Oilfield-produced water is characterized for high temperature, high salinity, and high gas content of hydrogen sulfide content or carbon dioxide. Pipelines and equipment are under serious corrosion and penetration. Conventional corrosion inhibitors, such as imidazoline corrosion inhibitor and amine inhibitor, are difficult to inhibit corrosion of the oilfield-produced water. There is an urgent need for high-efficiency corrosion inhibitor at production fields. Based on the corrosive properties of oilfield-produced water and the mechanism of inhibitors and optimization of molecular structural design, the high-efficiency corrosion inhibitor of the KYHS series was synthesized and compounded on the basis of the structure of two types of corrosion inhibitor ---imidazoline and alkynoxymethyl methyl amine. Application results showed that live hanging pieces inhibition rate was more than 99 percent, much better than otherproductsathome.Suitableforawiderangeofsewage,thisproductcanbeusedforthecomplexworkingconditionsofoilfields.