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25 August 2013, Volume 32 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Development Bottlenecks of Well Log Enterprises and Solution for Promotion of Efficiency Liu Zhigang 2013, 32(4): 1-4, 69.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2013.04.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (5362KB) ( )   So far as well log market is concerned, China’s well log crews face over-productivity both at the present time and in the upcoming years. The economic results ofwell log enterprises are on thedecline yearby year. It is necessary to adjust and converse the efficiency-promotingpatternfor development of well log enterprises. Using well log technology to boost efficiency, it is necessary to change well log development conception, enhance the comprehensive capability of well log sector and let everybody fully display his talents. The efforts should be focused on both traditional log technology and development of new log technology, opening up the new areas and promoting wide application of new well technology. To improve the content and value of log technology is the precondition forwell log enterprises to boost their overalleconomicperformance.

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Problems Facing CNPC Well Cementing Technological Development Qi Fengzhong, Liu Shuoqiong, Shen Jiyun and Liu Zishuai 2013, 32(4): 5-8, 69.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2013.04.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (5445KB) ( )   Cementing is an important link in the area of petroleum engineering technology. Based on the research efforts in the past years, CNPC has made great progress in cementing technology, basically establishing a system of cementing materials, cementing tools and related cementing process technology. In recent years, CNPC has made important achievements in cementing technology for deep and ultra-deep wells, horizontal wells, extended reach wells and long section with large temperature difference. Good results have been achieved in field application of cement slurry with ultra-high density and ultra-low density, latex cement slurry, and elastic slurry. Conventional cementing tools and accessories are brought under maturity with breakthroughs made in liner hanger and swelling materials. Cementing equipment is updated while initial progress is made in intelligent cementing quality control system. As the targets of oil and gas exploration and development are increasingly complicated, the research efforts at the next stage should be focused on cementing of complex ultra-deep wells, complex natural gas wells, gas-depot wells, non-conventional oil and gas wells and low-temperature deepwater wells, providing effective engineering technological support for higher oil and gas reserves and production.

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Study and Practice of Thermal Recovery Technology for Offshore Multiple Thermal Fluids Xu Wenjiang, Zhao Jinzhou, Chen Zhangxing and Shan Jincheng 2013, 32(4): 9-13, 69.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2013.04.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (6779KB) ( )   Steam flooding and stimulation processes have been proven as effective technologies for production of heavy oil. The production factor of those processes can exceed 30 percent for high-quality heavy oil reservoirs. However, offshore heavy oil reservoirs are relatively thin in layers and large in buried depth. Heat loss and low steam dryness seriously affect economic feasibility of thermal recovery. In the light of offshore oil reservoir characteristics, recovery technology of multiple thermal fluids injects steam and non-condensate gas into oil reservoirs. The injected gas not only enlarges the influencing scope for thermal production but also reduces viscosity together with the injected heat, thus lowering the requirements for thermal production, reducing heat loss and improving the economic feasibility of thermal production. Based on the principle of this technology, indoor thermal production test, numerical simulation research and pilot offshore experiment were conducted for the southern zone of Nanpu 35-2 oil field. It was indicated that remarkable results were achieved in adoption of thermal stimulation technology for offshore multiple thermal fluids. The average single-well daily production was increased to 50-60 cubic meters from 10-20 cubic meters when cold production process was used. The effective period lasted 300-400 days. The multiple thermal fluid generator and systematic injection equipment are under good operation in field application. Surface technique process satisfied the requirements for offshore thermal production.

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Analysis of Downhole Measurement Control Technology Patent of Oil and Gas Wells Wang Minsheng and Li Jing 2013, 32(4): 14-18, 21,69,70.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2013.04.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (7491KB) ( )   Downhole measurement control technology is a core technology in wellbore engineering technology, which includes three main parts - theories and methods related to downhole measurement control, technology for acquisition and transmission of control signals, and downhole control system. Alarge quantity of patented technologies have been currently created both inside and outside China. Based on adoption of international patent classification method and using Derent International Patent Database and the Patent Database of China International Intellectual Property Web for catalog analysis, it is found that the patent applications of downhole control technology worldwide are concentrated in 16 technological areas and the American and European regions, where the quantity of patents after 2000 account for more than 50 percent of the world’s total. China’s big-three oil companies have seen a small quantity of patents in the area of downhole measurement control. The analysis of growth curve indicates that the quantity of patents worldwide in downhole measurement control technologicalarea is still on the rise despite its rapidgrowthfora longperiod of time.It is necessary for Chinato enhancesupervisionandapplicationofpatent information from the main competitors and create its own independent intellectual properties by developing focus patent technologies. China should focus its research efforts on the technological areas with patent blanks and gradually expands the technological territories, starting the research and development work for frontier technological areas ahead of time to acquire the technological advantages.

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Discuss Problems Related to Improvement of Budget Formulation Quality for Technology Projects Li Hui, JiangRuyi, Jin Jiuqiang, Wang Jialu, SunZuoxing, Yang Shengjian and Wang Hai 2013, 32(4): 19-21, 70.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2013.04.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (4401KB) ( )   Budget is the important basis for future execution, inspection and audit of a project. Formulation of budget for technology project is an important task during the stages of project launch and design. However, there are some difficult things in this aspect, such as uncertainty of technology project, limited professional knowledge owned by personnel working at budget, inadequate involvement by finance department and uncertain quota in the budget, leading to a number of problems related to formulation of budget for technology projects, such as unreasonable structure and proportion, specifications for formulation not in detail, and inadequate amount of information. To further improve the quality of budget formulation for technology projects, this article proposes some measures to standardize budget formulation, such as highlighting the importance of budget formulation, bringing the functional departments into full play, and making the criteria for quota.

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Opinions on Wage Management Linked to Performance of Design Project Jin Ying and Hu Hai 2013, 32(4): 22-24, 79.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2013.04.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (3661KB) ( )   Project management, in fact, means personnel management. Inspiration of people for their activity, initiative and creation is at the core of the so-called personnel management. Establishment of wage management system linked to company’s performance and promotion of company’s business development call for both qualitative requirements and quantitative requirements. The core of management is practice of the project manager responsibility system. The management platform is structured through classification of projects. In the wage management linked to project performance, it is necessary to determine the work day/person needed in completion of work in time and at high quality for the members involved in various project teams. This is the main basis for verification of the performance-linked wages. The article also discusses the methods for gradual improvement of performance-linked wage management and comes up withtherelative suggestions onperformance-linked wage managementin linewith company’s development.

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Analysis of Giant Oil Companies’ Cooperative and Competitive Strategy Game Lv Yuanyuan, Liang Lin, Hou Chunhua and Yu Xiaozhong 2013, 32(4): 25-28, 70,71.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2013.04.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (5447KB) ( )   To secure China’s energy supplies, the petroleum companies have adhered to the “go-world” strategy in recent years, actively expanding overseas market and seeking cooperation with the resources nations and multinational companies. With involvement in international oil market competition, China’s giant oil companies have introduced the game theory to analyze the cooperative and competitive strategic options among oil companies so that the involved participants can make the best strategic options while lowering the risks for cooperation and competition. Based on the different assumptions of resources, technology and market, this article uses the different game models to analyze the cooperative and competitive strategic options facing giant oil companies. It also uses the complete information static game model to analyze the resources-based cooperative and competitive strategic game, drawing the conclusion that “cooperation, cooperation” is the sole stable equilibrium. It uses the complete information dynamic game model to analyze the technology-based cooperative and competitive strategic game, drawing the conclusion that “cooperation, cooperation” is the sole equilibrium. With the incomplete information static game model, it analyzes the market-based cooperative and competitive strategic game, drawing the conclusion that “cooperation, competition” and “competition, cooperation”arelikely toreachequilibrium without unique stable equilibrium.

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Method for Strategic Management and Post-Evaluation of Enterprise Yang Huiping, Mu Duo and Tao Yongyin 2013, 32(4): 29-33, 71.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2013.04.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (6957KB) ( )   Strategy is a plan for fulfillment of the objective while strategic management is a guarantee for fulfillment of the objective. This article briefs about the conceptions on corporate strategy and strategic management. It points out that corporate strategic management can be divided into seven stages, such as strategic analysis, strategic formation, strategic preparation, strategic implementation, strategic evaluation, strategic control and strategic stockpiles, with the main task of each stage elaborated. It also comes up with seven principles for strategy and strategic management ---scientific property, systematic property, coordinative property, sustainability, realistic property, measurability and win-win property. Post-evaluation of strategic management is an important measure for an enterprise to perfect its strategy. The article puts forward the system of main indexes for post-evaluation of strategic management. The scientific and practical methods, such as Delphi method, gray evaluation and ambiguous level method, are adopted to bring the index system of strategic management under post-evaluation. Application cases indicate that those methods are effective and applicable.

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Calculation Method for Economic Performance of Technology Development and Creation Results Fu Chengde, Niu Liquan, Lv Minggang, Bai Lanjun, Yu Fenghua, Zhao Yongsheng, Zeng Xianyi, Liu Jia, Sun Yanzeng, Yang Baoying and Li Xi 2013, 32(4): 34-36, 56,71.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2013.04.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (4964KB) ( )   How to appraise contribution made by technological progress to economic growth is always an issue of wide concerns. Contribution of technological progress can be used as indicator at the macro level of a nation or an enterprise. However, it is difficult to clarify the role and contribution value of technological progress in its conversion process of new production power if a concrete technological project comes under spotlight. This is a headache to entrepreneurs and technological personnel. Based on the quantitative economics, this paper discusses the issue related to calculation of economic performance of technological development results in the petroleum industrial sector, coming up with a new calculation method, namely “calculation of additional economic resultsand appraisal of relative new technology.” Using “production system” asaunit,this method adopts “investmentand production formula” forcalculation. Take the keyproject of polymer-flooding oilproductioninDaqing Oilfield for instance.Atfirst, the additionaleconomic results of the keytechnologicalproject are calculated in terms of quantity and then the additional results independently calculated are compared to investment for new technology for the purpose to make “accurate” appraisal.

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Comment on Structural Adjustment Effect of Multinational Oil Companies Luo Zuoxian and Chen Jialin 2013, 32(4): 37-42, 71,72.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2013.04.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (7609KB) ( )   This article briefs about economic meaning of Return on Capital Employed (ROCE). Five multinational oil companies, such as Exxon-Mobil, BP, Chevron, Shell and Total, are selected as the targets for study. The article analyzes the index trend of multinational oil companies in the areas of ROCE, structures of upstream and downstream sectors, oil and gas structure, local and overseas production structure. It is found that the upstream and downstream structural changes of oil companies are characterized with constant adjustment in part but stability in general. The proportion of natural gas to the total oil and gas productionkeeps rising while overseas oil and gas production is on the annual rise. Based on the understanding of their internal development and structural adjustment, the article adopts the relative analytical methods to get insight into the index changes in ROCE and structure of above-mentioned companies and focus on their structural conversion effects. The analytical results indicate that the return of investment in upstream business is higher than that in downstream business for the oil companies while the return of investment in crude oil business is higher than natural gas business. Even under the situation of frequent risks, overseas oil and gas business is still on the increase. It also summarizes the strategic driving factors of structural adjustment of multinational oil companies, including the similarity and singularity of structural adjustment paths in order to provide some experiences for the domestic oil companies under internationalization process.

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Series of Technologies for Tight Gas Development from Halliburton Zhang Huanzhi, He Yanqing and Zhang Huazhen 2013, 32(4): 43-48, 72.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2013.04.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (7900KB) ( )   Halliburton has developed a series of new tools, software and process technology for logging, drilling, completion as well as acidizing and fracturing in the area of tight gas exploration and development. The company is unique in its products and services. This article briefs about some of the company’s products and technology, such as Reservoir Description Tool (RDT) used for logging, InSite --- the LWD system, Strata Steer --- the geo-steering drilling technology, GeoPilot System --- the rotating steering drilling technology, SperryRite Multilaterals System --- the multilaterals drilling technology and the related high-speed drilling technology, Delta Stim R --- the sleeve completion technology for horizontal well, Swellpacker R --- the expandable packer system, the cementation technology, SurgiFrac --- the horizontal well hydraulic jet fracturing process, and CobraMax --- the precisely-positioning fracturing technology. Those new tools, software and process technologies promote tight gas development and can be borrowed by other companies.

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CT80 Coiled Tubing Made in China Yu Han, Zhang Jingang, Xian Linyun and Zhang Xiaofeng 2013, 32(4): 49-52, 72.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2013.04.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (6050KB) ( )   Coiled tubing is a tubular product for oil and gas, which can be curled repeatedly and coiled around a reel with a length of several kilometers. As compared to conventional tubing, coiled tubing has some unique advantages, such as convenient transportation and high efficiency, and is extensively used for various no-killing operations such as acidizing, fracturing and sand washing. It is called as “universal tubing.” Based on the service environment for coiled tubing and taking into account weldability, anti-buckling performance, anti-fatigue performance and corrosion resistance of coiled tubing, CNPC Baoji Petroleum Steel Pipe Company Limited has designed and developed new-type coiled tubing using low-carbon micro-alloy heat-rolled steel band. It has created a set of coiled tubing technology with its independent intellectual property right, including steel strip docking, transformation heat treatment of inclined welding seams, high-stability and high-precision HFW shaping welding, heat treatment of whole tube body and heat treatment of welding. It has also established the first coiled tubing production line in Asia and developed CT80 coiled tubing (the yield strength ≥ 552 MPa and the tensile strength ≥ 621 MPa).The assessment result and field application indicated that all the indexes of the product, such as strength, plasticity, corrosion resistance and service life, reached the advanced international level.

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GW-CF Low Residue Fracturing Fluid System He Jianping, Deng Mingyu, Peng Shuhua, Wu Zhiming, Zhou Xingwang, Chen Weiping and Bai Yan 2013, 32(4): 53-56, 72.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2013.04.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (5848KB) ( )   GW-CF low residue fracturing fluid system is independently developed as a low residue, low concentration and high flowback system, which is used mainly in acidizing and fracturing of low-permeability formation. This system includes low residue thickener and five related additives, which are based on some unique technologies, such as the designed low residue guar gum thickener molecular structure, high-efficiency and easy-control synthetic process and low concentration guar gum efficient cross-linking. The system has a number of advantages, such as low concentration, high sand-carrying capability, low filtration loss, low friction, high flowback rate and good results for increase of production.With a broad prospect for application, this system meets the demand for economicandhigh-efficiency development of low-permeability oil and gasreservoirs.

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Continuously-Mixed Fracturing Fluid and Mixing Equipment Chi Xiaoming 2013, 32(4): 57-59, 72,73.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2013.04.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (4970KB) ( )   As for traditional fracturing process used for oil and gas fields, fracturing fluid is usually compounded in batches before fracturing operation is conducted. Therefore, some disadvantages exist, such as long preparation time, a large amount of work to be done, and environmental pollution caused by discharge of residual liquid. To solve those issues, Changqing Downhole Technology Service Company has independently developed the continuously-mixing vehicle and its related instant guar gum fracturing fluid system, forming the continuous compounding fracturing process and enabling fracturing liquid to be mixed along with fracturing operation in real time. In the operational process, instant guar gum and all the necessary chemical additives are added into the storage tank on the continuously-mixing vehicle according to the designed amount. The automatic control system is used for mixing and compounding and then the finally-pumped base liquid of fracturing fluid is in line with the designed requirements. The maximum single-unit mixing and discharging amount can reach eight cubic meters per minute at the time of real-time fracturing operation. Meanwhile, the viscosity of fracturing fluid can be tested online and the functions of fracturing fluid can be adjusted in real time to meet the need of operation, eliminating waste of fracturing fluid and reducing environmental pollution. The continuity, simple operation, and convenience in compounding fracturing fluid along with fracturing service effectively improve fracturing operational efficiency.

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Staged Fracturing Tools for Open Hole of Horizontal Well Cheng Zhiyuan, Liu Zhibin, Zhang Peng, Luo Jingyu, Xu Yulong, Zhou Houjun, Han Yongliang, Zhan Hongyun and Cui Zhenmao 2013, 32(4): 60-62, 73.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2013.04.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (4504KB) ( )   Sulige Gas Field is a low-pressure, low-porosity and low-permeability gas reservoir of stratigraphic lithological trap, for which conventional development method does no achieve satisfactory development results. The staged fracturing tools for open hole of horizontal well is developed in the light of the characteristics of Sulige Gas Field, such as rapid pressure decline and poor communications of sand bodies.As for the well based on open hole completion, open-hole packer is suspended at the designated wellbore section with sliding sleeve started by pressure and sliding sleeve by thrown ball so that staged isolation is horizontally selected in the fractured wellbore section. Staged fracturing is conducted according to the number of fractured sections. Fracturing operation for the whole section is completed by one string of pipes, thus enlarging the filtrating area, making more sand bodies communicate, and fulfilling the objective of high-efficiency development. This paper briefs about the relative systematic tools and indoor test, field application and operational application as wellasthe efforts fora large-scale application.

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Curved Beam Pumping Unit Li Dewei, Fan Jianbo, Wang Li and Kou Chunying 2013, 32(4): 63-65, 73.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2013.04.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (4604KB) ( )   Sulige Gas Field is a low-pressure, low-porosity and low-permeability gas reservoir of stratigraphic lithological trap, for which conventional development method does no achieve satisfactory development results. The staged fracturing tools for open hole of horizontal well is developed in the light of the characteristics of Sulige Gas Field, such as rapid pressure decline and poor communications of sand bodies. As for the well based on open hole completion, open-hole packer is suspended at the designated wellbore section with sliding sleeve started by pressure and sliding sleeve by thrown ball so that staged isolation is horizontally selected in the fractured wellbore section. Staged fracturing is conducted according to the number of fractured sections. Fracturing operation for the whole section is completed by one string of pipes, thus enlarging the filtrating area, making more sand bodies communicate, and fulfilling the objective of high-efficiency development. This paper briefs about the relative systematic tools and indoor test, field application and operational application as well as the efforts for a large-scale application.

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Digital Beam Pumping Unit Li Mao, Li Haidong and Fan Yong 2013, 32(4): 66-68,73, 73.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2013.04.017 Abstract ( )   PDF (4477KB) ( )   Digital beam pumping unit is the latest generation of oil production equipment in a combination of industrialization with information, which is independently developed by Machinery Manufacturing Plant of PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company with its own intellectual property right. It is featured for its intelligence, high efficiency and energy saving. The product adopts a number of patent technologies, such as the best stroke judgment technology, balance automatic-adjusting technology and wide basement without basis, realizing intelligent adjustment of its working parameters and real-time monitoring of oil well production and equipment. Coordination between oil well production and pumping unit is an important condition for development and management of low-permeability oil field.Ascompared totraditional beam pumping unit, digital beam pumping unit improves efficiencyof mechanical system by 5 percent with the energy-saving rate raised by 30 percent. It also improves the working environment and saves labor cost. More than 8000 digital pumping units have beensold from2001to the presenttime, generating more than1billion yuanin value.