石油企业有效开发利用地热资源的问题与建议

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-302X.2024.01.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在全球碳减排和能源结构转型趋势下，地热产业迎来重要发展机遇。由于地热产业与油气工业的相近性，石油企业在地热资源开发利用中具备独特优势。近年来各大石油企业地热业务取得长足进展，但也面临诸多挑战，其中，资源品质及开发利用方式选择是制约地热项目经济性的关键问题。文章从地热资源的形成与分布机理入手，分析提出：可进行有效开发利用的地热资源并非无处不在，要提升成功率与经济性，首先应在明确地热系统成因机制的基础上，落实优质资源，消除开发目标选取的盲目性；在此基础上，应针对不同类型、不同构造背景及不同丰度的地热资源，依据其富集条件与资源特征，因地制宜地选择勘探开发模式与利用方式，才能有效实现地热产业的规模化和效益化发展。其中，渤海湾盆地仍需厘清深部断裂及其他构造要素的控热特征，取得具有持续发电潜力的资源条件，从而实现地热利用场景的突破；除深井换热及热储改造等复杂新兴采热方式外，松辽盆地与四川盆地建议可在盆地周缘构造活跃区进行地热资源勘探开发，或将盆地内部可沟通深部流体或改善储层物性的断裂发育区作为潜在目标。同时，增强型地热系统、井下换热等技术路线仍需进一步评价优化，以明确其有效适用条件。

关键词: 地热资源, 石油企业, 开发利用方式, 产业发展

Abstract: Geothermal industry faces an important development opportunity under the global trend for carbon emission reduction and energy structural transition. Petroleum enterprises have unique advantages in exploitation and utilization of geothermal resources on account of the similarities of these two industries. The oil giants of China, CNPC and SINOPEC have made significant progress in geothermal projects in recent years. However, they still face a series of challenges, of which the resource conditions and the selection of the exploitation and utilization strategies are the key issues restricting the effectiveness of the projects. Based on the formation and distribution mechanisms of geothermal resources, we point out that the geothermal resources suitable for effective development are conditionally accumulated. To improve the success rate and the effectiveness of the projects, it is necessary to locate the high-quality resources and eliminate the blindness in selecting the development targets on the basis of the genetic mechanism of the geothermal system. Subsequently, the appropriate exploration and development model and utilization method should be proposed according to the regional conditions in the light of the different resource types and structural settings, as well as the enrichment conditions and other facts. Only those efforts can lead to the effective scale-up and beneficial development of geothermal industry. For instances, to expand the geothermal utilization scenarios, the Bohai Bay Basin is still to be identified for the heat-controlling characteristics of deep faults and other structural elements in order to acquire the resource adequate for sustainable power generation. Besides the complicated and emerging heat recovery methods, such as down-hole heat exchanger and reservoir stimulation, Songliao Basin and Sichuan Basin are suggested to bring the active structural zones on the peripheries of the basins under the exploration and development of geothermal resources or target the intrabasinal water-conducted fault zones. Meanwhile, the technical pathways of enhanced geothermal system and down-hole heat exchanger still need to be further evaluated and optimized to analyze their applicable conditions.

中图分类号:

施亦做, 沙秋, 张训华, 刘人和, 曹倩, 郑元超, 肖红平. 石油企业有效开发利用地热资源的问题与建议[J]. 石油科技论坛, 2024, 43(1): 31-39.

Shi Yizuo, Sha Qiu, Zhang Xunhua, Liu Renhe, Cao Qian, Zheng Yuanchao, Xiao Hongping. Problems Concerning Effective Development and Utilization of Geothermal Resources by Petroleum Enterprises and Related Suggestions[J]. Petroleum Science and Technology Forum, 2024, 43(1): 31-39.

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