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30 October 2018, Volume 37 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Innovative Management and Practice of Oil Production Engineering Continual Integration Liu He 2018, 37(5): 1-8.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2018.05.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (4590KB) ( )   China’s old oilfields have fully come under their middle and later recovery periods while the quality of oil and gas resources are becoming more and more deteriorating. Increase of reserves on a large scale becomes more difficult. To solve the main contradictions in the different development stages, CNPC established and developed the management model for continual integration of oil production engineering technological innovations, which is an integration of oil production, oil reservoir, drilling and completion technology, and surface engineering, an integration of management of technological systems at four levels of company, factory, mine and crew, an integration of organization for production, research, experiment and promotion, and an integration of modernization for new technology, new products, new process and new standards. Under the guidance of demands, the emphasis is placed on the purposes of research and development, the system of management and adaptability of achievements for application. The research is ensured to be in steps with experiment and promotion and appropriately linked, accelerating transformation of research achievements. The management model for continual integration of technological innovations effectively helps develop featured oil production engineering technologies, such as fine layered water injection, unconventional oil and gas stimulation and fracturing of deep-layer volcanic rock. This management model has been used in Daqing, Jilin, Changqing and Dagang as well as 12 oil and gas cooperative projects in six countries like Kazakhstan, Mongolia and Sudan, achieving the purposes of cost reduction higher production from oil wells, and cost-effective development of low-grade resources. The research and promotion period of the main water-flooding engineering technology is shortened by three to five years as compared to the same kind of technology from the international petroleum community. The transformation rate of achievement exceeds 80 percent. Three key technological innovations are completed while five core processes are unified, seven items of supporting technology perfected, and five industrial standards formulated, rapidly modernizing integration of technology and promoting large-scale application of technology.

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Innovation and Practice in Full Life Cycle Management of Offshore Petroleum Exploration Targets Liao Jin, Jin Yunzhi, Wu Xunda, Liang Hao 2018, 37(5): 9-13.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2018.05.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (1231KB) ( )   Facing the continual downturn of international oil price and increasingly complex geological conditions in the western part of the South China Sea, CNOOC China Ltd - Zhanjiang Company made innovations in full life cycle management of exploration targets “oriented at exploration value”. The research led to a “multiple-dimension” exploration target study QC system with quality control and examination at three levels. Quality control over well position study covers 30 items in five groups, bringing about standardization and institutionalization of exploration target management. The company also came up with the “big data” close-loop management conception on full life cycle of exploration targets. The data model of exploration and development is integrated by means of establishing the basis databank of exploration targets and the databank of expert examination, realizing exploration target management and informationization of decisionmaking process. Based on the research, the company developed the quantitative management models, such as the integrated reserve method for optimization of exploration targets and the “probability method” of expert assessment, and established the managerial decision-making model of the “best solution” to exploration deployment, thus bringing the best-to-bedrilled target assemblage and exploration deployment under management. The above-stated management innovations have been successfully used in the oilfields in the western South China Sea. They effectively benefited exploration decisions and deployment and dramatically improved oil and gas exploration efficiency. A total of 3000×108m3 natural gas reserve has been found in the high-temperature and high-pressure deepwater area of the South China Sea in recent years, where the conditions were mature for construction of a large gas zone with the production capacity reaching one trillion cubic meters.

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Research on Incentive Mechanism of Income Dividend from Science and Technology Projects of State-owned Enterprises Yuan Lei, Chen Wei, Si Yunbo, Ma Xiaoyan 2018, 37(5): 14-18.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2018.05.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (1068KB) ( )   To stimulate the motivation of researchers for innovation, some big State-owned enterprises (SOEs) have carried out the income dividend incentives of the science and technology projects in recent years and achieved some results in the practice. The dividend incentive mechanism was focused on implementation subjects, incentive targets, reward scope, fairness and effectiveness. So far as the current system and execution cases are concerned, some problems exist mainly in the areas of technological achievement definition, evaluation on net revenue from transformation of technological achievement, equilibrium of internal interests, and comprehension of the system. The research suggests that the gross payroll of researchers should be brought under classified management at the research institutes affiliated to enterprises and the high-tech enterprises. The departments within the enterprise should make joint efforts for formulation, execution and perfection of the income dividend system of science and technology projects to ensure the relative fairness of evaluation on technological achievement value. The other suggestions include development of the relevant disclaimers for leadership, full cost management of science and technology projects, perfection of enterprises’ technological project management, and enhancement of system exchange, promotion and training.

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Research on Transformation Models of Technological Achievements into Technical Standard Tan Yue, Zheng Hui, Wu Wei 2018, 37(5): 19-23.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2018.05.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (986KB) ( )   Technical standards are important carriers for tangible transformation of technological achievements. This paper studies and summarizes three models for transformation of technological achievements into technical standards. The preliminary study of standards is purposely made on the basis of top-level design. Study and formulation of the technical standards are focused on demands, tasks and guidance. The innovative results and patented technologies of the research projects are backed to be transformed into standards at the time of implementing the technological plans and special projects, while the synergy mechanism is established for standardization and technological tangibleness. The technical standards come from technological projects. They are improved in steps with the projects. The experiences of production technology are turned into the standards on the basis of standardization principles and methods. The paper also proposes to cultivate innovation-making talents by means of preferential policies, focus on the general plan and design as well as execution of projects, establish the industrial alliance for cooperative innovation research and development, and expand the transformation channels.

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Shale Gas Geological Engineering Integrated Modeling and Numerical Simulation: Present Conditions, Challenges and Opportunities Xian Chenggang 2018, 37(5): 24-34.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2018.05.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (11405KB) ( )   The new model for key part of shale gas geological engineering integration organically unites the four main engineering systems of drilling, completion renovation, production and development. Based on the model shared by the cross-disciplinary departments, this paper summarizes engineering application of the four main systems from the angles of single well, platform and full gas field. It reviews the present conditions and developments of both domestic and foreign unconventional reservoir modeling and numerical simulation, focusing on 3D modeling, fracturing simulation and numerical simulation. The paper points out that China is an industrial leader in such areas as application of geophysical data, modeling in time, gas field size integration sharing model, full gas field numerical simulation, and various applications of the four main systems. The North America is more concentrated on mechanism study, basic mathematical modeling, research on modeling method and new numerical simulation technology, and fine parameters of size platform. This paper analyzes the current key realistic challenges in five areas -- quantitatively characterizing complicated natural fracture system, integrity of wellbore, plane (solid) infill well or solid well spacing, full shale gas field numerical simulation, and dynamic and gas states of wellbore. It also elaborates the main research orientation and mindset.

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Development Process and Research Orientation of Chinese and Foreign Cementing Technology Qi Fengzhong, Feng Yusi, Han Qin 2018, 37(5): 35-39.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2018.05.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (1220KB) ( )   Cementing is an important link in in construction of oil and gas wells. Cementing quality is directly in connection to the service life and work production of oil and gas fields as well as oil and gas wells. Based on development of more than 100 years, foreign cementing technology has a complete system in cementing process, cementing mud and additives, cementing tools and accessories as well as cementing equipment. The domestic cementing technology has experienced a long-term development of imitation, independent research, technological breakthrough and innovation. Rapid progress was made in this area particularly from the 11th Five-Year Period to 12th Five-Year Period. Currently, the high water-cut old oilfields face the new task of how to effectively keep production stable and the new exploration situation, such as deep well, low-permeability, unconventional and oil field. As a result, cement technology should meet the demand for complicated geological conditions, complicated working environment and long-time cement sheath sealing. The in-depth study should be focused on functional cementing materials and tools, informatized and intelligent cementing control, inspection and evaluation integrated system, and full life cycle cementing, thus bringing about industrial modernization and providing powerful engineering technological support for safe and high-efficiency exploration and development of oil and gas resources and unconventional energy.

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Measures and Suggestions on Improving Production Profitability Evaluation of Developed Oil and Gas Fields Qu Debin, Dong Hongwei, Zhang Aidong, Guo Fujun, Zhao Meng 2018, 37(5): 40-44.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2018.05.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (1087KB) ( )   It is an important way for China’s petroleum enterprises to fully tap their potential for cost reduction and efficiency boost. Based on PetroChina’s current evaluation on production profitability of developed oilfields and requirements on evaluation and management of profitability of old wells, this paper comes up with the strategies and proposals for improvement and upgradation of evaluation on production profitability of developed oilfields. The suggestions include redefining the criteria on classification of production profitability, improving and enriching evaluation method system, upgrading the related software, establishing the single-well economic performance evaluation system; enhancing the study of marginal cost and marginal revenues, analyzing the different economical production boundaries of developed oil and gas fields, and providing the quantitative decision-making data for annual optimization of deployment; improving evaluation on production profitability and management of classified reservoirs, adopting different strategies for different classifications and bringing the low-efficiency wells and blocks under timely treatment. Based on these measures to tap the potential for higher production efficiency at old oilfields, it is estimated to reduce marginal or unprofitable production by 15-20 percent. Therefore, these measure can bring old areas under profitable development and alleviate the risks for construction of productivity in new areas, helping China’s oil companies keep sustainable development in their upstream business.

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Nautical Chart of Enterprises for Innovation -- Innovative Methods used by Enterprises for Innovation Xu Gang 2018, 37(5): 45-53.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2018.05.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (3798KB) ( )   A variety of innovation methods are widely used by enterprises at the present time. Of those, the thought of design is the best methodology for production of creative ideas. It can help enterprises acquire the conception or prototype of a product that has a great market value. TRIZ method is most effective in settlement of technological bottlenecks. It can help researchers make rapid breakthroughs in the technological research project, leading to the high-valued patents. The innovative DDIF strategy helps enterprises make use of innovations by means of one step or several steps. Based on successful application by both Chinese and foreign enterprises, those innovation steps and methods are proven to be able to make rapid innovations and cultivate a large quantity of talents. They can particularly help enterprises make breakthroughs in innovations. China’s enterprises and universities should introduce those latest innovation methods as soon as possible to improve their creativeness and foster the creative talents in the attempt to stand out from the intense competition.

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Analysis and Enlightenment of International Oil Companies’ Exploration Strategies Yang Zi, Ji Zhifeng, Wan Lunkun, Li Zhi, Li Fuheng, Xu Hailong 2018, 37(5): 54-63.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2018.05.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (2280KB) ( )   This paper studies 40 typical oil companies in three main kinds -- large-scale international oil companies, national oil companies and independent oil companies. It uses the bench-marking method to analyze the exploration characteristics and strategies of different oil companies during the low oil price period. The analysis results indicates the two trends for exploration investment from oil companies in 2017 -- sluggish resumption of exploration activities and the “one core two wings” situation in new exploration discoveries. The oil companies of the three kinds are quite different from one another in exploration strategies, assets structure and international cooperation thanks to their differences in fund, resources and technological advantages. With the advantages of fund and technology, international oil companies establish their business presence world and have a multi-element stockpile of assets. They are the explorers and main force in the global frontier areas. National oil companies are advantageous in resources and usually base their business on the homeland. They tend to formulate conservative exploration strategies and made limited efforts for international business expansion. Independent oil companies have the advantages for their characteristic technology and concentrate themselves on the advantageous areas. Take Total for example to analyze the exploration strategy of the typical oil company. This company attaches importance to acquisition of exploration assets and has flexible policies for assets restructure, thus keeping its reserve replacement rate higher than 1 all the time. The strategy of the differentiation alliance assures the company of exploration performance. Exploration discoveries are made mainly in the deepwater areas where the achievements are remarkable. The discovery cost for a SEC- caliber barrel of oil was US$4 in 2017. The company reasonably structures the assets of the different maturity and maintains a stable trend for sustainable development. It also steadily invests for exploration and makes stable progress in the mature areas while focusing on the frontier exploration areas. It is proposed that the Chinese oil companies should pay more attention to market situation, timely adjust their exploration strategies, appropriately increase investment for exploration, emphasize selection of partners and exploration risk sharing, and establish the flexible mechanism for purchase and sale of assets.

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Review of Global Oil and Gas Development Situation in 2017 and Outlook of Its Development Trend Chang Yuwen, Wang Zuoqian, Liu Baolei, Jiang Weina, Wei Qing, Chen Xi 2018, 37(5): 64-74.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2018.05.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (2210KB) ( )   This paper sorts out some important data, such as the figures of global oil and gas fields, distribution of oil and gas basins, remaining recoverable reserves and oil and gas outputs in history. The global oil and gas fields are divided into four types -- onshore conventional oilfields, onshore conventional gas fields, offshore conventional oil and gas fields, unconventional oil and gas fields -- and six main regions -- Central Asia-Russia, Middle East, Africa, America, Asia-Pacific and Europe). It also analyzes the present conditions of global oil and gas field development. The analysis of global oil and gas development situation in 2017 is based on international oil prices, investment cost, types of oil reservoirs, technological innovation, policies of resources nations, and development strategy of international oil companies. It concludes that crude oil prices are climbing in fluctuations and investment growth is resumed for oil and gas development. The oil and gas development cost is lowered, remarkably improving oil and gas development performance. Natural gas consumption starts to rise again with stable growth in natural gas production. Sustainable oil and gas development is emphasized while offshore oil and gas development is steadily on the rise. The conception of “put economic benefit first” is highlighted with unconventional oil and gas brought under differentiated development. Innovations of development technology are intensified to keep improving the results of oil and gas development. Resource-host countries frequently adjust their policies to enlarge the hot spots for investment. International companies, with a solid position of leader, are in the transition from survival to development. The paper also outlooks into the future global oil and gas development trend from the perspectives of resources types, regional distribution and reservoir types.