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25 April 2012, Volume 31 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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3D Seismic Prospecting Technology for Complex Mountainous Areas in Yingxiongling, Qaidam Basin Ning Hong-xiao, Hu Jie, Zhang Duo-rong, Yin Wu-hai, Zhang Li-jun, Wang Hai-li 2012, 31(2): 2-6.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2012.02.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (10935KB) ( )   Seismic exploration has failed due to the extremely poor seismic geological conditions in Yingxiongling mountainous area. In 2010, high-yield industrial oil flow was obtained in Well Sha-37, promoting a new round of technology research in the area. The seismic data obtained using the broadened line and the hole-geophone joint array to suppress noise was improved a lot. In 2011, high-density 3D seismic exploration technology research was conducted in the area. The quality of 3D seismic data was enhanced a lot, based on using multi-well excitation to improve the effective wave energy, multi-detector array to suppress noise, high-density 3D seismic acquisition, integrative static corrections, and noise separation from signal in multi-domain during seismic processing. According to rolling processing and interpretation of high-density 3D seismic data, surface geological data and well data, No.1 Yingdong structure was effectively implemented as well as the multiple drilling targets were discovered and implemented, which laid a solid material foundation for further exploration and development of oil and gas in the area.

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High-productivity Vibroseis Techniques and Their Application in International Seismic Projects Wei Tie, Zhang Mu-gang, Wang Chang-hui, Wei Guo-wei, Zhang Yi-meng, Zhang Ru-jie, Shang Yong-sheng, Liang Xiao-feng 2012, 31(2): 7-10.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2012.02.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (10841KB) ( )   High-productivity vibroseis techniques have been developing rapidly and been applied widely in the Middle East and Africa in pursuit of high productivity. This paper briefly reviewed the high-productivity vibroseis techniques such as Slip Sweep, Distance Separated Simultaneous Sweeping (DSSS), DSSS plus Slip Sweep, and Independent Simultaneous Sweeping (ISS), introduced key techniques developed by BGP, including geometry design, non-stake surveying, quality control, and harmonic attenuation, and finally presented the application effects of the techniques in seismic projects of BGP International.

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Development and Application of 3D GME Prospecting Technology Sun Wei-bin, Yang Shu-jiang, Wang Cai-fu, Liu Yun-xiang, Wang Yong-tao, Hu Zu-zhi 2012, 31(2): 11-15.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2012.02.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (8899KB) ( )   3D gravity-magnetic-electromagnetic technology began in the middle and late 1990s, and has been greatly improved in data acquisition, processing and interpretation. It has apparent advantages over the traditional 2D one in terms of investigation of local lithosome and deep structures. This paper introduces the characteristics of the technology: (a) It adopts small-bin data acquisition and the site grid keeps a constant spacing. (b) All data is involved in data processing due to the volume effect, so the anomaly obtained is the real response of underground inhomogeneity. (c) 3D data is interpreted with visualization in the united platform. The technology has been successfully applied in some complicated surface areas, such as Tarim Basin, Qaidam Basin, and the carbonate area in southern China. The experience implies that the integrated 3D GME technology could be an important complementarity of seismic exploration for the investigation of local lithosome and deep structures.

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Research and Application of Walkaway-VSP Technology Chen Yuan-zhong, Li Yan-peng, Jin Qi-hu, Zhao Hai-ying, Wan Xiao-ping, Gao Xian-jun 2012, 31(2): 16-20.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2012.02.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (8047KB) ( )   This paper introduces the technology of Walkway-VSP acquisition, processing and interpretation and application results in Tarim Oilfield and Qinghai Oilfield. Walkaway-VSP is a category of variable offset VSP acquisition for which shot points are on one or more lines across the well and geophone are arrayed at borehole. Walkaway-VSP has high fold, and both acquired P-wave and S-wave data have good image quality; geophones are close to the reservoir, so it obtains reliable information such as velocity, absorption, anisotropy parameters and so on. It is mainly aimed at the goal body's observation system optimization method and P-wave and S-wave acquisition technology during acquisition. Some technologies are studied such as high precision first break picking and velocity statistical method, Tar and Q statistical method, VSP wavelet deconvolution, vector wavefield separation, anisotropic parameters evaluation and VSP-CDP image based on ray tracing when processing. The technologies such as calibration at time and depth domain and P-wave and S-wave reservoir inversion are studied in the process of interpretation. The two applied examples indicate a promising application of the Walkway-VSP technology in the field during exploratory development.

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Inspiration of Wide-Azimuth 3D to Oil and Gas Exploration in Tarim Wang Nai-jian, Liang Xiang-hao, Zhou Yi, Liu Xin-wen, Wang Yan-feng, Zhou Xu, Duan Meng-chuan, Gao Guo-cheng, Zhu Yun-hong, Zhang Yan, Mao Zhe-wei 2012, 31(2): 21-26.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2012.02.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (10227KB) ( )   Although a great breakthrough has been achieved in the exploration of Tarim Basin through multi-round brainstorms, what the exploration and production of complex hydrocarbon reservoirs in Tarim Basin are confronted with are still world-class difficulties. The key issues for highly-steep complex structures include the low SNR and the migration imaging of complex wave fields. The bottleneck problems need to be settled for the exploration and production of deep carbonate strata are to further improve the imaging accuracy of fracture-cavity systems and the prediction precision of the fracture growth direction and density. Tarim Geophysical Agency of BGP Inc., aiming to meet the design requirements for prestack migration, has performed a wide-azimuth, full-azimuth and quasi-full-azimuth 3D seismic exploration brainstorm with the wide-azimuth high-fold geometry technique in regard to the deep carbonate hydrocarbon reservoirs and highly-steep complex structures and has achieved an excellent exploration result, and therefore, has opened up a favorable new situation for the exploration of complex hydrocarbon reservoirs in Tarim Basin.

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High-level Construction Technology Comes from Tracking World Pipeline Construction Development Xu Li, Yao Shi-hong, Wang Cheng-qiang, Chen Hai-jun 2012, 31(2): 27-29,35.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2012.02.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (2244KB) ( )   China pipeline construction has progressed a lot in recent years. China now has owned advanced pipeline design, construction, operation and maintenance, and thus ascended into the top. This paper introduces the development of long-distance pipeline construction both at home and abroad, and analyzes the gap with other countries and the goal to be achieved. Meanwhile, it presents some suggestions on the construction criteria, equipment and technology, according to the characteristics of the third, fourth and fifth of West-East Gas Pipeline.

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Status of Oil & Gas Pipeline Inspection and Monitoring both at Home and Abroad Li Yu-zhong, Zheng Hong-li, Jia Shi-min, Liu Quan-li, Deng Kai-fu, Zhang Jin-quan 2012, 31(2): 30-35.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2012.02.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (4624KB) ( )   With the fast development of pipeline integrity management technology and the requirement of safe operation of oil and gas pipelines, pipeline inspection and monitoring technology has been paid great attention, and growing vigorously. This paper entirely states the status of oil and gas pipeline inspection and monitoring development both at home and abroad, and points out the development orientation in the future, including the magnetic flux leakage technology, the ultrasonic testing technology, the pipeline monitoring fiber optic sensing technology, the phased array ultrasonic debond testing technology, the digital radiographic testing technology, and the ultrasonic guided wave detection technology.

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Research and Application of Solid-free Drilling/Completion Fluids Wang Wei-guo, Liu Mei-quan, Ai Gui-cheng, Qiao Guo-wen, Gai Jing-an, Zhang Bao-feng 2012, 31(2): 36-39.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2012.02.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (1902KB) ( )   Drilling fluid with bentonite and high solid phase has been widely used in drilling construction both at home and abroad, which easily causes injury to reservoir and makes reservoir permeability drop a lot. To protect reservoirs, viscosifier, fluid loss additive, inhibitor, and temporary plugging agent were selected, and solid-free drilling fluids were developed, i.e. clean water +0.3%Na2CO3+3%FL-1+1%Redu1+0.3%XC+0.3%CMC+1.5%Na-PAN+3%FT-1+2%SPNH+0.2%K-PAM+2%QCX-1. This paper analyses the working mechanism, indoor experiment and application results of solid-free drilling/completion fluids, and points out that the fluids do not only have favorable suspension portability, rheological property, and lubricity, but could also protect reservoir well and meet the requirements of horizontal well drilling in low-pressure reservoir and protect the reservoir.

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Danger of Cutting Bed in Borehole Annulus and Solutions Song Xun-cheng, Wang Zhen-fei, Xu Xiao-long, Hu Sha-sha 2012, 31(2): 40-42,52.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2012.02.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (2460KB) ( )   In drilling process, drill bit breaks the rock into cuttings of different sizes and shape that accumulate at the bottom of a well. Bits may be broken repeatedly if the cuttings could not be cleaned up on time, and thus affect drilling rate and increase drilling cost. In high angle deviated well and extended reach well, cuttings are easily to build up cutting bed, leading to pump building, bit bouncing and drill pipe sticking. Borehole cleaning is therefore a key technique for drilling of high angle deviated well. This paper detailed the danger of cutting bed and processing, analyzed the factors affecting hole angle, velocity in annular, drilling fluid performance, flow state of drilling fluid, and rotation of drilling tool, and put forward some effective methods to solve the cutting migration in high challenge directional wells. It pointed out that the most effective method to clean cuttings away was to be based on moderate use of large-displacement tools, improvement of drilling fluid performance, and with the help of the tools removing cuttings bed.

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Study and Application of Dynamic Monitoring System for Integration Development——A Case Study of Chunguang Oilfield in Western Margin of Junggar Basin Wang Jin-zhu, Wang Xue-zhong, Qiao Ming-quan, Gu Jian-wei 2012, 31(2): 43-46.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2012.02.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (2377KB) ( )   Through developing an oil and gas reservoir formation model of the western margin of Junggar Basin, 49.6t/d high-yield industrial oil was obtained in Shawan Formation of Well Pai-2 in Chepaizi District in 2005. And Chunguang Oilfield, a shallow reservoir with high quality, was discovered. Neogene Shawan Formation was its major oil-bearing zone. Based on the need of field production, this paper accurately estimates the choke coefficient of flowing wells in Chunguang Oilfield, providing important basis for implementing single-well production and rational single-well production allocation. It develops a new reservoir development concept taking "real-time dynamic monitoring" as the core, creates a dynamic reservoir monitoring system integrating reservoir, wellbore, and the ground, monitoring the underground oil and water advancement in real time, and provides the means for timely adjusting operation parameters of oil wells and optimizing fluid seepage in strata and wellbore. Oil production in Chunguang Oilfield has been kept growing steadily since 2005, and natural flowing production has maintained since then. Oil production rate and recovery ratio created new high in China.

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Key Technical Issues and Solutions for Overseas Petroleum Exploration Zhang Shu-lin, Liao Ling-yuan 2012, 31(2): 47-52.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2012.02.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (4923KB) ( )   To ensure national energy security, oil companies in China have pushed forward the strategy of "Going Global". In recent years, they have been carrying out extensive evaluations of new overseas ventures in order to acquire promising overseas exploration blocks. During the process of evaluating new ventures and assessing exploration potentials of acquired blocks, they have all encountered technical problems to various degrees on such key issues including salt basin exploration, high-precision prediction of complex reservoirs, and deep-water basin exploration. Such issues have already brought some difficulties for overseas exploration, especially quick evaluation of new ventures. This paper suggests some aspects of solutions to these key issues, including systematic survey, well-targeted processing techniques and flow, optimal selection of mature techniques and their reasonable integration and assembly, and focus on personnel training and experience accumulation, and launching of original research, etc.

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Production Status of Development Wells in Russia in Recent Years Han Xue-qiang 2012, 31(2): 53-55.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2012.02.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (2154KB) ( )   Russia is a big oil and gas producer in the world. In 2011, oil production reached 511.4 million tons, and gas production was 687.54 billion cubic meters. In recent years, the number of oil wells has decreased from 2006's 162000 to 2010's 154500, because they stopped production caused by low efficiency or flooding. Extracting method was mainly adopted for oil recovery in the country in the past 10 years, and development depth grew increasingly in production pay. Owing to the application of advanced EOR technology, average single-well production was kept at 10t/d. The number of gas wells rose by about 35% in the past decade, from 1995's 6300 to 2010's 8500. Production of large gas fields has gone down; average daily single-well production has fluctuated a lot, dropping from 1995's 349000 cubic meters to 2010's 230000 cubic meters; producing gas reserves have began depleting.

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Technological Innovation Organization and Management of Halliburton Zhao Yuan-lei, Zhang Yi-ming, Jiang Hao-ze, Sun Xiao-bo 2012, 31(2): 56-59.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2012.02.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (2333KB) ( )   Halliburton is a large old oilfield service company which has been providing products and technology services for E&P since its foundation in 1919. During its long business history, Halliburton has found it significant to invest stably on technology for keeping the leading position in its core business. Its core capabilities lie on the performance cost ratio of products and services, HSE standards, its efficiency for providing products and services, its knowledge on oil and gas reservoir, its outstanding talent teams and their expertise. Technology innovation has been taken as an important part in its company strategy. This paper introduces the dominant technology fields of Halliburton, its research organization, its methods for acquiring technology and its management of researchers.

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Application of GeoMountain® to Seismic Exploration in Mountainous Area Liu Hong, He Guang-ming, Wu Fu-rong, Tao Zheng-xi 2012, 31(2): 60-62.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2012.02.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (5932KB) ( )   Complicated oil and gas reservoirs feature in surface topography of dramatic ups and downs, abdomen complicated geological structure, interferences, oil and gas reservoir types and reservoir heterogeneity. Conventional seismic exploration software could not deal with the problem of mountainous exploration. So GeoMountain® software was developed. It is the material form of geophysical company about the long time experience in mountainous areas seismic exploration. For complex mountainous seismic exploration formation conditions acquisition technology series, seismic data processing technology series is adapted to complex steep structural layer abdomen and volatile surface, reservoir prediction, and gas-water identification technology. It provides a complete integration solution for seismic exploration in mountainous area. GeoMountain, a useful software of seismic exploration in mountainous area has been widely applied in a number of countries and regions. Its good result has achieved good economic and social benefits. It has broad application prospect.

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Pulse Neutron Oxygen Activation Logging Tool Wang Jian-min, Jiang Yi-zhong, Ma Qing-cheng 2012, 31(2): 63-65.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2012.02.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (2815KB) ( )   The pulse neutron oxygen activation logging is a new kind of tools to measure water flow rate. It consists of neutron generator and gamma (γ) ray detectors. The neutrons emitted from the generator activate the oxygen elements of water in the borehole. The detectors can measure the γ rays emitted by the activated water when it passes by, thus the velocity of water flow can be calculated. The instrument has been successfully applied in polymer injection profile logging and monitoring the fluid flow behind the tube in layered water injection wells. It can also be used in finding the leakage position and channeling, inspecting of packer seal condition and casing deformation, correcting the wrong position of tools in the hole, determination of pipeline leakage and so on. This technology has created huge economic and social benefits for the company and is in the world leading level.

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Slim Carbon-Oxygen Ratio Spectrum Logging Tool Ding Xi-jin, Jiang Shi-lian, Zhou Xiu-zhi, Xu Cheng, Yan Qing-wu 2012, 31(2): 66-68.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2012.02.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (3882KB) ( )   Carbon-oxygen logging, as a useful method monitoring oil saturation of a well after cased, has been used for a long time. Chinese logging companies had the ability of providing the service based on carbon-oxygen logging by buying or creating instruments. Requirement on logging through tubing pressed them continuously due to expending of servicing abroad. The tool has to be slim so that it could do the job on through-tubing conditions. That neutron generator and gamma ray detector had been reduced provided the key technology on creating a slim carbon-oxygen ratio spectrum tool. Micro-electronics contributed its share too. All the attempting succeeded and a 43mm-diameter carbon-oxygen ratio spectrum tool became a product expected. This paper introduced the working principle, overall structure and main technical parameters of the tool. The tool was labeled self-creating after being lab-tested and tested practically and providing real service.

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Water Flooded Layer Well Logging Interpretation System Du Gui-bin, Zhang Guo-hui, Niu Cui-fen, Liu Wei-lin, Li Hong-jun 2012, 31(2): 69-70,73.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2012.02.017 Abstract ( )   PDF (4975KB) ( )   The water flooded layer well logging interpretation system V1.0 version (GeoSpace) which is established using C/S system structure at the Windows platform is a set of fully functional well data processing interpretation software system. It is based on network and management system and mainly used to detailed evaluation of single well data. Its base data structure and data management include a variety of data types needed by Daqing water flooded layer well logging interpretation. It integrates water flooded layer interpretation characteristic technique application modular, and sublayer geology database which is automatically created on platform realizes oilfield unite data management, high range of reservoir description and data sharing in the oilfield. It takes full account of the practical need of the oilfield, has very strong practicability, and builds interface specification of application modular which can easily put on various water flooded layer interpretation methods. It has already been popularized and applied in Daqing Oilfield, of which the integrated interpretation coincidence rate reaches more than 75%.

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HSR Integrated Production Logging Tool Ren Li-juan, Dong Ji-hui, Liu Guo-quan, Dong Bin, Cheng Hui 2012, 31(2): 71-73.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2012.02.018 Abstract ( )   PDF (3373KB) ( )   At present, most oilfields have entered into middle-late development stage; annual production logging operations are rising gradually. In order to solve the three problems of the existing production logging instruments——too long combination, low precision and easy fault problem, CNPC Logging developed a new generation of production logging combination tool. A new generation production——HSR integrated production logging tool was developed. It owns two patents, three prominent characteristics including high reliability, high precision, and smaller length. Some main technical indexes such as logging range and precision, integration of logging data, and repeatability have been in the leading level in China. Good application results have been achieved in logging test and logging service process. It is proved that the integrated tool could completely meet production well logging engineering demand in domestic oilfields, and has broad application prospect.