关键词: 能源转型, 能源政策, 能源效率, 可再生能源

Abstract: The main trends in the global energy transition include overall improvements in energy efficiency, reforms in existing energy use systems, and large-scale utilization of renewable energy. A variety of transition paths has been taken by different countries, due to their differences in resource endowment, energy strategy, and technology development. On the premise of pursuing energy independence, the United States uses natural gas and renewable energy as transitional energy sources, and continuously promotes a cleaner energy mix. Germany, as a representative country of the energy transition in Europe, vigorously reduces fossil energy consumption, abolishes nuclear power and takes the lead in developing the large-scale application of renewable energy. Japan, based on its resource endowment, uses technological advantages as a strategic means of the energy transition. Middle Eastern countries, for energy politics and economic transition considerations,also promote energy transition and renewable energy use. China has made outstanding contributions to the world energy transition by controlling total energy consumption, increasing non-fossil energy supply, and promoting energy conservation and emission reduction as its main initiatives. Other countries’ energy transition practices bring experience and inspiration to China: (1) energy transition is a long-term and challenging task, and China needs to consider its national conditions and carefully take the transition stage towards the low-carbon future; (2) economies of scale are an important driving force for the industrialization of emerging energy technologies; (3) transportation is the focus and challenging area for energy transition; (4) energy transition requires innovation under an open international cooperation perspective.