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30 April 2022, Volume 42 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Development Path of China’s Refining & Chemical Industrial Transition and Practice of CNPC Technological Innovation He Shengbao 2023, 42(2): 1-11.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2023.02.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (2563KB) ( )   China has become the largest oil refiner in the world thanks to rapid growth in the nation’s oil refining and ethylene productivity. However, to become an refining and chemical power, China still faces a series of challenges such as the increasing uncertainly of the macro environment, the urgency for green and low-carbon development, the apparent product structural contradiction, and in-depth integration of industrial technology. Therefore, the country urgently needs to accelerate development of the refining and chemical industrial transition. Under the new situation of the carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals, the refining and chemical industry should focus on raw material ends, production ends and product ends in transition to green, low-carbon, sustainable and high-quality development. Taking the carbon peak in 2030 as the line of demarcation, the industry should practice the development path of transition with the different emphases. Before the carbon peak, the transitional development should be concentrated on the low-carbon sources, the carbon-reduced process, carbon sequestration at the end to increase chemical raw materials, specialty products and new chemical materials, and experiment and demonstration of technologies. After the carbon peak, the efforts should be strengthened to promote large-scale application of the new low-carbon technology. There will be a fundamental revolution in the refining and chemical production model with the possibility of zero carbon/zero emission factories. Taking CNPC for example, this paper briefs about the innovation of transitional development practiced by the enterprise that is the main force of the domestic refining and chemical industry. Guided by the green and low-carbon development strategy of “clean replacement, strategic substitution and green transition”, the company has made a series of achievements in innovative practice of the whole industrial chain, raw material ends, products ends and innovation of the process technology, effectively supporting transitional development of the company’s refining and chemical business.

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Analysis and Suggestions on High-quality Hydrogen Energy Development under Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality Goals Yang Weisheng,Wang Yue,Li Qingxun 2023, 42(2): 12-20.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2023.02.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (2202KB) ( )   Developed countries have accelerated clean hydrogen industrial distribution in recent years. The United States attaches importance to demonstration of hydrogen energy transportation while the European Union promotes the act of energy transition authorization. Japan concentrates efforts on hydrogen energy application against a multiple of situations and distributes hydrogen-based fuel like ammonia energy. China’s rapid development of wind and photovoltaic power industry provides important green energy for fulfillment of the “carbon peak and carbon neutrality” goal as scheduled. The Chinese government supports hydrogen energy industrial development. Based on their established businesses, the large-scale state-owned energy enterprises have focused on distribution of green hydrogenation and hydrogen energy transportation and made a demonstrative study of pipeline hydrogen additive and hydrogen transportation by pipelines. Breakthroughs have been continuously made in hydrogen production technology by electrolysis of water with green ammonia becoming the hot spot of storing hydrogen. A number of 10,000-ton renewable energy projects for hydrogen production by electrolysis of water are under construction. The progress has been made in demonstration of green hydrogen application in the areas of chemicals, transportation and electric power, currently, China’s hydrogen energy is still in its preliminary stage of industrialization. There are some problems in this area, such as low proportion of green hydrogen, high cost for green hydrogen production and consumption, spatial and temporal mismatch of hydrogen storage and transportation, and low efficiency in storage of hydrogen energy. It is necessary to take advantage of the new national system, accelerate the R&D efforts for core technologies, perfect the system of standards and related policies and promote demonstration of hydrogen energy application. The comparative advantages of the different regions should be brought into full play to realize differential hydrogen energy industrial developments.

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Thinking of Clean Replacement and Re-electrification Path for Oil and Gas Production System under Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality Goals Xiong Xinqiang,Yun Qing,Li Bing,Zhu Jingyi 2023, 42(2): 21-29.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2023.02.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (2363KB) ( )   Under goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, the oil and gas field enterprises undertake the tasks of stabilizing the oil and gas production and reducing energy consumption and carbon emission. They still face a number of challenges, both technologically and economically, in their efforts to increase clean energy for production and boost the supply of oil and gas commodities. Realization of low-cost and effective clean replacement and re-electrification calls for renovation of the production system. This study comes up with the working mindset for the oil and gas field enterprises to focus on in-depth re-electrification and renovation of the production system. (1) The effective technical process for re-electrification was established to change the concentrated gas-fired heating into distributed electric heating. The heat pump technology was fully used to tap the low-temperature geothermal resources of the oil and gas fields. The study was made of the front-end on-the-site drainage process and high-efficiency electric strengthening treatment technology and equipment. As a result, the energy efficiency was raised remarkably. (2) The green, low-carbon and intelligent production model was established with the working conditions able to be adjustable. The oil well uses green electricity and implements an intermittent operation mode. The zero-carbon and low-carbon well pattern was established with the transferring and gathering system coming under intermittent heating treatment. The other measures included variable load water injection and variable flow gas injection, reasonable use of valley electricity, study of intelligent synergetic control and large-scale consumption and absorption of green electricity. (3) The distributed energy-supplying system was established in match with the restructured system to reduce the production and operational cost for energy transition to electricity from gas and improve the proportion of green electricity consumed by terminal users. Finally, the green and low-carbon oil and gas production system focusing on clean energy was established to help fulfill the carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals.

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Practice and Thinking on Green and Low-carbon Development of Daqing Oilfield under Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality Goals Pang Zhiqing, Liu Ximeng, Wang Yanyong, Li Dong 2023, 42(2): 30-39.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2023.02.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (2652KB) ( )   How to fulfill the objective of carbon peak and carbon neutrality is one of the most important subjects to be studied by the Chinese energy industry at the present time. Daqing Oilfield is both a giant energy producer and a big energy consumer endowed with the great responsibility for fulfillment of the carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals. The oilfield is enriched in abundant resources, built with perfect infrastructure, possessed with a relatively high absorption capacity and advantageously positioned for integrated development of wind, photovoltaic, gas, restored and hydrogen energy, thus laying a good foundation for green and low-carbon development. Daqing Oilfield has accelerated formulation and implementation of its green low-carbon development plan in recent years through a series of measures, such as accelerating construction of wind and photovoltaic power projects, building the low-carbon demonstration parks, focusing efforts on the “geothermal +” development model, making study of the CO2-flooding technology, and examining carbon emission. Those measures have achieved preliminary results for its transition to green oilfield. Daqing Oilfield will work hard at the next stage in the efforts to accelerate execution of the related projects, make cooperation between the locality and enterprise, play an active part in market expansion, enhance scientific and technological innovation and perfect the restructuring mechanism, thus bringing about green,low-carbon, high-quality and rapid development.

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Research and Practice of New Energy Business Development Model in Changqing Oilfield Yang Xuefeng,Ji Wei,Zhou Xingze,Wang Jun 2023, 42(2): 40-48.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2023.02.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (2794KB) ( )   As the main energy consumers, the oil and gas fields have formulated the action plans for carbon peak according to their own conditions against the background of the nations’ strategy for carbon peak and carbon neutrality. They become the main forces on the battlefield of the carbon peak and carbon neutrality goal. Based on the advantages of resources in Ordos Basin, Changqing Oilfield keeps its oil and gas production rising continually but consumes a large quantity of electric power and natural gas. Changqing Oilfield has taken the green and low-carbon transitional development as its goal for the new stage since the 14th Five-Year Plan and identified “exploration of resources, oil and gas development and new energy” as its three main businesses. It pursues the principles of cleanness and low carbon, keeping performance in line with the criteria, ensuring safety in line with the regulations, and putting science and technology first. Changqing Oilfield was engaged in the construction projects of new-type industries in accordance with the general plan for “energy saving and less consumption of energy, clean substitutes and strategic stockpiling” and accelerated integrated development of oil and gas with new energy in four technological areas of reduction of carbon, utilization of carbon, replacement of carbon and burial of carbon. In the area of management, Changqing Oilfield enhanced the examination and incentive mechanism, adjusted the energy-consuming structure, tightened control over construction quality, fostered the talents at various levels, and continued to perfect the top-level design. The green and low-carbon demonstration projects of Jiyuan Oilfield and Shenmu Gas Field were concentrated in the areas of energy-saving transformation, clean power and thermal power application, CCUS, and building of carbon sink forestry. Changqing Oilfield also developed and accumulated the reproducible experience and methods for the full process of well site, gathering and transferring pipeline and station, providing the “Changqing Solution” for the oil and gas fields with high energy consumption to make transition to green development..

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Progress and Prospect of CCUS-EOR Engineering Technology Cai Meng,Yang Zhigang,Zhao Ming 2023, 42(2): 49-56.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2023.02.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (2324KB) ( )   Against the background of the carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals, carbon dioxide capture, flooding and storage (CCUS-EOR) can not only utilize the resources of greenhouse gases but also improve the crude oil productivity. It is the realistic and feasible technology for large-scale reduction of carbon emission. China has developed a system of injection-production engineering technology in the efforts to make the study and on-the-field experiment of CCUS-EOR technology. The system mainly includes the single-tube and double-tube injection process technology, the high gas-liquid ratio lifting technology applied alone or in combination with the gas-proof process, the anti-corrosion protection technology in combination of materials, agents and monitoring, the delayed gas channeling technology for controlling channeling by alternating injection of water and gas, and chemical plugging, the well killing process technology for shut-in under pressure or without solid-phase well killing liquid, the wellbore thawing and block-removing technology centering prevention and supplemented with chemical and physical removal methods, and the technology evaluating risks of wellbore safety. To promote effective application of the CCUS-EOR technology on a large scale, it is proposed to enhance the study of the strategic CCUS plan to determine the important and key links of technological development, bring the full CCUS-EOR process under unified consideration to create the CCUS model with the characteristics of oilfield, make study of the key technologies on the basis of the demonstration projects to realize CCUS-EOR industrialization, and establish the platform for technological research and exchange to accelerate integrated engineering and technological development.

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Economic Evaluation Technology and Development Direction of CCUS-EOR Project Liu Bin 2023, 42(2): 57-66.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2023.02.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (2198KB) ( )   CCUS-EOR is a green development technology that combines oil displacement with burial and economic benefits with environmental protection. It has become an important integral part of the technology portfolio for the oil and gas enterprises to bring about carbon neutrality. The decisions made for the CCUS-EOR project not only depends on technological breakthroughs but also takes the economic factors into consideration. The “cash flow method + derivation method” is the new method developed from the cash flow evaluation to highlight precise integration of the cash flow method with economic evaluation of various projects. The economic evaluation method of the CCUS-EOR project is the cash flow method + the with-and-without comparison method to evaluate the feasibility of the project on the basis of 18 indexes in two categories of technology and economics. Driven by the carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals, the economic evaluation technology of the CCUS-EOR project will develop in the six directions of pilot experimental evaluation, full industrial chain economic evaluation, carbon source evaluation, comparison and selection of several options, analysis of multiple situations, and construction of the integrated databank of investment and production.

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Analysis of China’s Oil and Gas Industrial Green and Low-carbon Development Strategies and Paths in New Era Wang Luxin, Yang Lili, Wang Yongzhen 2023, 42(2): 67-74.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2023.02.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (3730KB) ( )   Currently, China’s oil and gas industrial development faces a series of challenges, such as tightening climatic constraints, reconstruction of the oil and gas market, clean energy substitution, and high carbon emission. In the face of the century-old changes and the international situation full of hot spots, China should establish the “big oil and gas + new energy” development model for its oil and gas industrial transition in the new era. First of all, the nation should enhance its oil and gas industry, focusing more efforts on exploration and development and continually boosting its oil and gas supply capacity to ensure the national energy security. Therefore, it is necessary to vigorously implement the “keeping oil production stable while increasing gas production” strategy, accelerate the growth for natural gas production and optimize the structure of energy supply. Secondly, it is necessary to expand the business area and make active efforts for development of distributed wind power, photovoltaic power, hydrogen energy and geothermal resources, providing the society with green zero-carbon energy service. Thirdly, clean energy is used for energy consumption to build the green oil and gas fields. It is necessary to make good use of the wind, solar and geothermal resources within the scope of the oil and gas fields, reducing carbon emissions from the sources.Fourthly, it is necessary to make efforts for energy saving and reduction of emissions by improving efficiency and reducing energy consumption for the purpose to reduce and finally eliminate emission of the greenhouse gases like methane. Fifthly, it is necessary to make active efforts for development of carbon sequestration, expansion of CCS/CCUS and forestry carbon sequestration and realization of carbon removal. Finally, it is necessary to take an active part in construction of the carbon market, step up innovation of green and low-carbon technology and help China achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality.

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Path of Oil and Gas Development in Integration with New Energy for Oil Companies and Their Practice Yue Xiaowen,Kong Lingfeng,Liu Xiuru,Zhu Xinyu,You Shuangjiao,Sun Shicang 2023, 42(2): 75-81.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2023.02.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (2298KB) ( )   Influenced by global consensus on climatic changes, stricter supervision on the high-carbon industries from the public policies and preference for the green and low-carbon industries given by the capital market, it is inevitable for oil companies to develop themselves in the low-carbon transition. Therefore, development of new energy has become a common option for oil companies. This paper elaborates the new energy development process of oil companies both at home and abroad and analyzes the differences in the low-carbon transitional development strategies of the European, American and Chinese oil companies and their options of the paths. It also makes the study of the characteristic transition paths planned by the Chinese oil companies and their practice in this area on the basis of China’s national conditions and development environment. According to the study, the green transition of the European oil companies is comparatively radical, such as shrinkage of oil and gas business, expansion of new energy business and adoption of absolutely less emission. The green transition of the American oil companies are relatively conservative. The Chinese oil companies formulated the “stable and appropriate” green and low-carbon development goal and path to focus on keeping oil production stable while increasing natural gas production. They abide by the development guideline that put the same emphasis on oil and gas production and new energy development. The characteristic transitional path is adopted to bring oil and gas together with new energy for integrated development. The transition is focused on use of clean energy for production, integration of gas-fired power with wind and photovoltaic power as well as the areas of geothermal energy, hydrogen energy and CCUS, making the new contributions for the nation’s energy security, alleviation of dependence on oil and gas import, and fulfillment of the “carbon peak and carbon neutrality” goal.

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Characteristics and Trend of China’s New Energy Industrial Development under New Situation Yuan Liuyan,Wu Mouyuan,Duan Peiyi,Zhou Xiwei,Gao Hui,Lan Mengtong,Liu Yueyang,Lu Changbo 2023, 42(2): 82-89.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2023.02.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (2332KB) ( )   The current global energy crisis highlights urgency of new energy development. With the enthusiasm for investment continually rising, the “super energy basin” is hopeful to become the new model of transformation and development for oil companies. China’s new energy mainly composed of wind power and photovoltaic power becomes the mainstay for newly-added installed capacity and ranks first in the world for the scale of installed units. There is an accelerated growth momentum for photovoltaic power, wind power, new-type stored energy and hydrogen energy. The situation of new energy electric power absorption is good as a whole but under pressure in some regions. Development of the related technology is accelerated in iteration. The main market participants of various kinds take an active part in distribution of new energy business. Based on the spirit of the central government’s economic work conference and the latest industrial policies, this paper concludes that China’s new energy industry will be in the development trends for accelerated conglomeration, enhanced integration, comprehensive marketing, multi-element situation and intensive competition in 2023. Under the guidance of “carbon peak and carbon neutrality”, China’s new energy industry will enter into a new stage of rapid and large-scale development in the 14th Five-year Plan period.

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Research and Thinking of Large-scale Offshore CCS/CCUS Cluster Projects Yu Hang, Liu Qiang, Li Yanzun, Li Lintao, Sun Lili, He Qingyang, Lu Jianrong 2023, 42(2): 90-95.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2023.02.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (1970KB) ( )   The global CCS/CCUS industry is still in its early stage of commercialization. Investment in this area has been accelerated in recent years. There is a trend for the CCS/CCUS industry to develop on a large scale and in clusters. It is of great significance for China to promote the full industrial chain demonstration projects of CCS/CCUS clusters, carry out the technological, commercial and policy feasibility study and estimation and accelerate the country’s large-scale technological R&D, demonstration and industrialized application to bring about the carbon peak and carbon neutrality goal. As compared to the “one to one” simple model (CO2 transported from a capture facility to an injection site), the CCS/CCUS cluster projects will face more complicated carbon discharging sources and call for larger and more reliable places for storage, thus posing a great challenge for capture and purification processing and estimation of the selected zones. The offshore project are limited by a number of factors, such as small space, high investment and difficult maintenance in the later-on period. They are quite different from the onshore projects in technology and schemes for CO2 transportation, storage and monitoring. Currently, development of China’s CCS/CCUS cluster projects faces a series of challenge in the areas of technology, cost, policy, law and commercial model. This paper discusses the key issues concerning promotion of China’s large-scale offshore CCS/CCUS cluster projects and points out that the complexity of carbon discharging sources lead to more difficult carbon capture while selection of the sites hold the key to a large-scale carbon storage. In addition, the projects are ensured by the reliability and economic property of the technological schemes for the full industrial chain with realization of the value chain serving as the original power for execution of the projects.

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Present Conditions and Prospects of Ammonia Energy Industrial Development Du Dong,Wang Xiaolin,Zhang Guosheng,Tang Wei 2023, 42(2): 96-104.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2023.02.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (2191KB) ( )   Ammonia energy is a kind of clean energy that can be used as an important part to supplement China’s future clean and low-carbon energy system. This paper elaborates the present conditions of the ammonia energy industrial development both inside and outside China in three areas of ammonia synthesis, ammonia storage and transportation, and utilization of ammonia energy. It also makes analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of ammonia energy utilization. Ammonia has the potential for being used as substitute fuel for engines. It is a good fuel for fuel battery and a high-effective and safe carrier for hydrogen. However, ammonia fuel has some disadvantages, such as undesirable burning character, likeliness of pollution and safety issues. Based on the technological and economic feasibility study of ammonia energy utilization, green ammonia synthesis technology has a high maturity but the economic feasibility is not satisfactory. The ammonia storage and transportation technology is also mature while the infrastructure is perfect. The use of ammonia as hydrogen carrier is increasingly mature with a great potential for development. China’s ammonia energy development faces a number of problems, such as high carbon emission from synthetic ammonia, unsatisfactory maturity of large-scale and cost-effective synthesis technology for green ammonia, and shortage of the structuring mechanism and support of standards for ammonia energy utilization. It is proposed to strengthen the R&D efforts for the key and core technology, scientifically distribute the full ammonia energy industrial chains, and improve the ammonia energy development and utilization level and the technological innovation capacity.

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Research on Design of Compressors for Re-injection of Supercritical High-CO2 Associated Gas in Offshore Oilfields Jia Jinyao, Yi Hualei, Liu Weibin, Wang Wenxiang 2023, 42(2): 105-109.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2023.02.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (2198KB) ( )   Many offshore oilfields see the associated gas with the CO2 content when they are brought under development. The associated gas is unable to be used as fuel once the CO2 content exceeds 30 to 40 percent. In addition, the high-CO2 gas is transmitted over a long distance at high risks and costs. To fulfill the carbon peak and carbon neutrality objective, one of the offshore oilfields planned to pressurize the CO2 associated gas to the supercritical state for re-injection and burial. The dry-gas re-injection scheme was recommended after comparison was made between the dry-gas and wet-gas re-injection schemes. The design of compression process was determined on the basis of analyzing a series of key factors, such as compressor model, driving mode, configuration, skid structuring method and design requirements. Finally, two reciprocating compressors were recommended to pressurize the high-CO2 associated gas to a supercritical state through three-stage compression. Meanwhile, the high-CO2 associated gas between the second and third stages was drawn out of the kid to enter the molecular sieve skid for dehydration. The skid structure of the two compressors were optimized to substantially reduce occupation of the platform space.