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09 September 2022, Volume 41 Issue 4 Previous Issue   

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Six Decades in Response to Climatic Change: International Oil Companies Collaborate in Transition to Making Joint Efforts from Sharing Identical Views Dou Lirong, Zhang Xingyang, Gao Feng, Yan Wei, Xiong Liang, Wang Zijian, Wang Xi, Peng Yun, Deng Xi, Zhang Kebao 2022, 41(4): 1-10.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2022.04.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (2103KB) ( )   International oil companies adjust their strategies according to the changes in global climate treatment situation. The process of their reaction to climatic change and low-carbon development can be divided into four stages. The first stage is to share identical views (1960-1988). They studied the oil and gas industrial impact on climatic change, adopted the measures to reduce environmental pollution caused by emission of hazardous gases, and made response to oil crisis by means of new energy development and energy-saving measures. The second stage is to make common defense (1989-1997). With the help of the industrial organizations, international oil companies influenced the governments to formulate the policies in the interests of the companies, developed low-carbon technologies to alleviate the climatic pressure. The third stage is to reach identical agreement (1998-2019). The European oil companies actively promoted energy transition while the American counterparts were cautious to adjust the climatic strategies. The fourth stage is to make joint efforts (since 2020). The European oil companies chose the active low-carbon roadmaps to accelerate transition while the American oil companies adopted the conservative and cautious strategies for transformation. The comprehensive analysis indicates that there are four motivations for the European and American international oil companies to select their countermeasures against climate change – the company’s profit and shareholders’ interests, the national strategy and the relations between the governments and enterprises, public opinions and brand values, and industrial identity and foreign cooperation.

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Thoughts and Suggestions on Improvement of Technological Innovation and Performance by SOE Research Institutes under New Situation Zhu Shengzhen,Nie Fan,Mao Yaming,Wu Baichun 2022, 41(4): 11-17.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2022.04.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (2022KB) ( )   As an important part of the nation’s scientific and technological strength and the important carrier of the corporate technological innovation, the research institutes of the State-owned enterprises (SOE) should spare no efforts to improve their technological innovation and performance, thus committing themselves to building China into a technological power and maintaining the industrial competitiveness to bring about a high-quality business development. Based on the new situation of the current global technological competition and in-depth industrial integration, this paper makes analysis of the optimistic relations between innovation and performance and focuses on the development process of some research institutes both at home and abroad including their experiences and lessons in management of technological innovation and performance. A series of issues exist in the SOE research institutes in terms of innovation and performance, such as restrictions from the mechanism and system, lack of objective evaluation of innovative achievements, shortage of high-level talents, inadequate coordination between technological innovation and industrial development, and low efficiency in conversion of technological achievements. This paper comes up with the reform measures and suggestions for the SOE research institutes in the areas of management model, incentive mechanism, fund security, platform construction and introduction of talents. The key points lie in continuously perfecting the incentive mechanism and management model, invigorating and stimulating innovation and performance, and raising the level of innovation and performance.

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Study and Practice of Green Transition by China’s Oil and Gas Enterprises under Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality Background Wu Mouyuan,Kang Yu,Fan Xuqiang,Li Chunshuo,Lan Mengtong 2022, 41(4): 18-24.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2022.04.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (1999KB) ( )   Motivated by the nation’s carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals and guided by the internal need for the company’s sustainable development, China’s oil and gas enterprises accelerated green-oriented transition while stepping up their efforts for exploration and development to secure the national energy supply. The oil and gas enterprises have some advantages in green-oriented transition, such as abundant resources of wind energy and light energy, huge energy-consuming demand, relatively perfect infrastructure, and strong corporate strength. However, they also face some challenges for core technology, storage of talents and online indexes. China’s big-three oil companies -- CNPC, Sinopec, CNOOC, have developed a series of methods in the practice of green transition. First of all, the transition target was formulated to define the route of new energy industrial development at the strategic level. Secondly, they used their own advantages to reasonably accelerate distribution of new energy business. Thirdly, the demonstration zones for new energy business were established on the basis of local appropriate conditions. CNPC created four main business models of Jidong Oilfield, Yumen Oilfield, Jilin Oilfield and Sichuan-Chongqing Oilfield. Fourthly, taking into account the business characteristics, they made active attempts for commercial models of new energy development, such as joint-venture cooperation and venture capital fund. It is proposed that China’s oil and gas enterprises should accelerate new energy business development and speed up construction of the related projects. The nation should systematically plan green and low-carbon energy development and formulate more preferential policies for structuring mechanisms.

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Discussion of China’s Economic Recoverable Petroleum Reserves Assessment and Management Wang Yongxiang, Hu Xiaochun, Xu Xiaolin, Zhang Jin, Ju Xiujuan, Yuan Zixue 2022, 41(4): 25-33.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2022.04.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (2138KB) ( )   Economic recoverable petroleum reserves are the core asset of an oil company. Promoting the study of economic recoverable oil and gas reserves evaluation and management is of great significance to improvement the level of reserve management, integration of oil and gas exploration and development, and a company’s quality and efficiency. This article analyses the conditions of China’s nationwide proved oil and gas reserves between 2005 and 2020 and reveals the trends for a peak growth in proved new addition petroleum initially in-place but a decline in proved new addition economic recoverable reserves. It also points out some main problems, such as the rising scale of the proved undeveloped reserves but the increasingly high difficulty to bring those under effective development. The problems arise mainly from such areas as inadequate emphasis on economic recoverable reserves so far as the targets for reserve under exploration, the failure to effectively carry out the standards of economic recoverable reserves evaluation, the technological bottlenecks for evaluation methods, and big errors in accumulation of the existing volume. Therefore, it is necessary to break the bottleneck for the core position of economic recoverable reserves classification, the bottleneck for evaluation technology of economic recoverable reserves, and the bottleneck for management of economic recoverable reserves. It is proposed to adopt the following measures: (1) The oil company should establish the classification system that focuses on economic recoverable reserves and meets its own geological conditions and production business characteristics. (2) Formulate the standard chart version for commercial oil and gas flow. (3) Appropriately integrate evaluation units of various kinds. (4) Formulate analogous oil and gas reservoir sequences and enhance application of analogy. (5) Simplify review at the national level. (6) Transform the managerial function at the national level. (7) Establish the system for annual dynamic updates of the existing reserves. (8) Establish the conceptions of project management and teamwork over the full life period. (9) Establish the examination mechanism for performance in proved new addition economic recoverable reserves. (10) Establish the assessment and management system for oil and gas reserve.

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Challenges and Countermeasures for Oil and Gas Fields to Promote Application of CCUS Technology Liu Bin 2022, 41(4): 34-42.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2022.04.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (2035KB) ( )   As one of the important CO2-reducing measures, the CCUS (carbon capture, utilization and storage) technology has become an important integral part of the technology assembly for oil and gas fields to fulfill the objective of carbon neutrality. From the angle of flooded oil storage, China has about 100×108t of remaining oil in place suitable for CO2 flooding. The CO2-EOR technology is important part of CCUS used by the oil and gas development enterprises. There are two main commercial operational patterns of the domestic CO2-EOR projects – independent operational pattern and operator pattern. The cost of the whole CCUS process is 300-400 yuan per ton. Of the whole process, the carbon capturing link is the highest in the cost, accounting for more than 70 percent of the total. Calculating under a base 8 percent earning rate, the cost for flooded and stored oil by means of CCUS can be basically balanced when the crude oil price is US$70 per barrel. Large-scale application of CCUS technology faces three main challenges of CO2 utilization, high cost and high investment. Taking into account the current conditions of oil and gas fields, it is necessary to accelerate reduction of the CCUS technological cost and lay a solid foundation for commercial application in the following five areas – the full research process of CCUS technology, promotion of CCUS on the basis of carbon prizing, special study of the verification method for CCUS-based reduction of emission, perfection of the CCUS policy support system, and encouragement of oil and gas fields into accelerating the CCUS projects by means of their technological advantages.

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Achievement in Construction of CNPC Sci-tech Infrastructure Platform Fan Xianghong, Niu Liquan, Li Xi 2022, 41(4): 43-49.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2022.04.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (2051KB) ( )   China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) has attached great importance to construction of the sci-tech infrastructure platform. A total of 54 key laboratories and experiment bases at the corporate level have been constructed since the 11th Five-year Plan, covering all the main business areas. Furthermore, it also applied for and completed 21 national sci-tech innovation bases and national energy R&D innovation platforms, all of which passed appraisal in 2021. CNPC has established and optimized the examination and evaluation system for the first-class indexes for three items, such as the level and contribution of research results, talents and team, and deregulated communication and operational management, the second-class indexes for 20 items of key laboratories, and the second-class indexes for 17 items of experiment bases. Based on the second-round operational evaluation, discrimination of the evaluating indexes was good with the results regarded as scientific and stable. These key laboratories and experiment bases assumed 75 percent of CNPC’s important scientific research tasks, achieving fruitful research results and playing a key role in innovative process of scientific research and experiment/testing method and cultivation of talents. Focusing on the issues, such as the need for enhancing management of the platforms under construction and operation,the failure of the entrusted units to fully carry out their responsibilities, inadequacy of experiment/testing personnel and the need to strengthen the roles of scientific instrument and equipment, this paper proposed to step up the top-level design, optimize distribution of the platforms, strengthen organizational coordination, keep the related parties to carry out their responsibilities, innovate the incentive mechanism, enhance development of experimenting/testing talents, promote deregulation and sharing, and improve application efficiency of sci-tech instruments and equipment.

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Configuration of Incentive Model for Transformation of Petroleum Technological Achievements for Higher Performance and Suggested Measures Pu Rongrong,Li Pu,Pu Yongsong,Ma Yingkai,Yang Dan,Li Xiaoling 2022, 41(4): 50-56.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2022.04.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (2385KB) ( )   Using transformation of technological achievements to promote performance is one of the key links in the technological innovation chain. It can motivate technological personnel for innovation, improve efficiency and level of the research projects and increase technological achievements and stockpiles. The paper elaborates the related policies formulated by CNPC in recent years to prize transformation of technological achievements for higher performance as well as the results achieved in this area. It also points out some problems in the efforts for transformation of technological achievements, such as the evaluation system based on projection of net profit to be perfected, the digitalization-based platform for transformation of achievements to be established, the supporting system to promote transformation of technological achievements for higher performance to be perfected. To invigorate technological innovation for higher performance, it is necessary to focus on the projects under the principles of science, standardization, specialization and efficiency and formulate a set of incentive models for transformation of technological achievements for higher performance, which can meet the characteristics of the State-owned enterprises and include an evaluation system, a series of systems, a platform system and a securing system. Therefore, the paper comes up with the suggested measures in three areas: formulate the method for calculation of net revenues from achievements on the basis of full cost verification, establish the management platform for transformation of achievements to share data from a number of systems, and perfect the supporting management system with interactions from a number of departments. The efforts should be made under this above-mentioned pattern to promote step by step and continually perfect transformation of technological achievements for better implementation of the State policies.

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Improvement of Technological Innovation Management Practiced by Tuha Oilfield Liu Xinqiu,Xu Xiaojiao 2022, 41(4): 57-61.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2022.04.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (2114KB) ( )   PetroChina Tuha Oilfield Company has continually improved the mechanism of technological management system, accelerated operation of the “large scientific research environment” system and strengthen efforts for basic research and settlement of technological bottlenecks in recent years. Focusing on key basin exploration technology, EOR technology and perfection of systematic mature technology, PetroChina Tuha Oilfield Company worked hard at the bottlenecks existing at the present time and in the future and continually improved the technological innovation ability and core competitiveness. The oilfield changed the traditional model of scientific research projects and enhanced the top-level design and diagnosis from experts, fully displaying leadership of experts at various levels and ensuring launches of high-quality scientific research projects. The environment for the oilfield’s scientific research innovation was continually improved thanks to a series of measures, such as taking an active part in the projects at a higher level, optimizing the scientific research management process, enhancing the service awareness of the scientific research management department, raising the levels of remunerations and highlighting preciseness of reward. Those measures effectively inspired the enthusiasm of the scientific research personnel and ensured sustainable implementation of the three major strategies of the oilfield – “innovation, resources and people oriented”. The oilfield also accelerated digital transformation and intelligent development process and made remarkable achievements in launch of scientific research projects, fostering of technological results and technological service functions, thus effectively improving the technological management ability, boosting the scientific research quality and supporting high-quality development of main businesses.

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Study R&D Investment Scale and Intensity of Oil and Gas Enterprises Wang Lu,Sa Liming,Ouyang Yilei 2022, 41(4): 62-69.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2022.04.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (2187KB) ( )   The oil and gas industry is the global energy pillar. The R&D activities play an important role in oil and gas industrial development. Based on analysis of R&D investment in China’s whole society, the oil and gas industry, the world’s major oil companies and the world’s first-class demo enterprises created in China, it is found that China’s R&D investment is on the rise year by year but the R&D scale and intensity are left behind as compared to developed countries. The R&D intensity of the whole oil and gas industry is basically at a low level. The R&D scale and intensity of China’s oil and gas enterprises are at a relatively high level on a global basis but the growth rate of the R&D intensity has no absolute advantages. It is proposed to optimize the R&D investment structure of oil and gas enterprises, appropriately increase R&D investment in the low-carbon area, continually enlarge the R&D investment scale, further boost the production efficiency of R&D investment, and establish the production-appraising system of R&D investment.

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Analysis of SOE Sci-tech Finance Practical Model Gan Min, Zhou Lei 2022, 41(4): 70-76.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2022.04.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (2027KB) ( )   Sci-tech finance practiced by the State-owned enterprise (SOE) is an indispensable method to improve SOE sci-tech innovation ability and raise the corporate value. Following decades of development, China’s sci-tech finance is composed of a multiple of elements at the present time with a variety of practical forms and the system of policies continually perfected. This paper divides the SOE sci-tech finance practical model into three patterns – dominated by State-owned non-finance enterprises, dominated by State-owned finance enterprises and dominated by the government. The pattern dominated by State-owned non-finance enterprises can ensure the controlling and execution powers of the dominant company, but the financial risks and costs are high. The pattern dominated by State-owned finance enterprises can be further divided into the sci-tech finance service platform and corporate operation. The pattern dominated by the government allows the local governmental departments to play a dominant role, with the characteristics of policy. Based on the above-mentioned analysis, this paper points out that, so far as sci-tech finance practice is concerned, the State-owned enterprises should take advantage of various financial resources and financial tools to expand the fund-raising channels, provide full-chain multi-element financial services for technological innovation, and promote transformation of technological achievements, bringing about significant development of the emerging business.

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Enlightenment from Technology Governance of the World’s First-class Enterprises and Research Institutes Sun Wenchao,Zha Yongjin,Fang Pingliang,Yu Jing 2022, 41(4): 77-85.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2022.04.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (2115KB) ( )   Perfection of the technology governance system and improvement of the technology governance ability can bring into full play the role of technological innovation as engine. This paper summarizes and analyzes the technology governance mechanisms of the world’s first-class enterprises and research institutes, such as Schlumberger, HUAWEI and National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing. The characteristics of their technology governance mechanism include adherence to core value conception and corporate culture to guide and release the ability of intellectual employees, adherence to deregulation-based innovation and inclusive development to combine external innovation resources with internal R&D capability and create the stable, relaxed and failure-inclusive environment and atmosphere for innovation, assurance of basic research to carry out the scientific appraisal system and help research personnel have sense of achievement and creativity, standardization of project process management to bring the projects of different types under classified management, establishment of cross-disciplinary teams to perfect the whole process of products and technology from R&D to application and upgradation, and highlight of talents development and construction of learning-type organization to provide a variety of development channels for employees and establish the knowledge management system at the corporate level. These experiences of technology governance are of a great help and consolidate basic research as a role of source. The R&D activities are rooted in the market and user requirements. The efforts should be focused on the new organizational model and system for scientific research. It is necessary to improve the innovation ability through the efforts for opening to the outside world and create the knowledge-driven organizations.