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07 September 2017, Volume 36 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Development Models and Solutions of City-type Refinery Yang Zhaoming, Pan Tao, Qiu Yu, Xu Qingqing, Yin Tao 2017, 36(4): 1-4.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2017.04.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (1468KB) ( )   The problem of “besieged refinery” looms large owing to economic and social development and accelerated urbanization. This article focuses on how to choose development models of a city-type refinery and analyzes the present conditions and characteristics of domestic city-type refineries. It also compares two development models – movement of the whole refinery to a new place and modernization in the local place. The latter should be adopted according to the article. It is necessary to increase investment in the refinery in the area of safety and environmental protection to improve the safety and environmental standards of a city-type refinery. Therefore, a local upgrading and development system should be put in place, which is composed of six subsystems of safety, the environment, standardization, information, technology and equipment reliability, and harmonious co-existence with the city. The article comes up with a series of suggestions to promote sustainable development of city-type refineries. Those suggestions include more efforts for study of development models, perfection of long- and medium-term development plans, active communications with the government, in-depth involvement in local economic development, authentication and execution of various criteria, support of the pilot enterprises for their reform and development efforts, and providence of financial support.

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Project Management Applied in Management of Technological Projects Zhao Ming 2017, 36(4): 5-8.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2017.04.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (1452KB) ( )   Introduction of project management into the technological management area has enhanced control over the plans and process of technological projects, achieving good results. However, the scheduled progress restricted the direction and process of some technological research projects and limited the innovative conceptions and free creation of technological staff to some extent. To make better use of project management methods, it is necessary to understand the difference between project management and technological project management. They are different in the nature of management, targets of management, characteristic of process management, focuses of management, execution process and decision-making mechanism. It is proposed that project management applied in technological projects should highlight technological innovation characteristics and pay attention to research efforts and uncertainties of technological research projects. The methods for plan management and complete project system are the important measures to enhance management of execution process for technological projects. They are also the key links for execution of project management and improvement of management efficiency and performance. Meanwhile, the people-oriented conception should be displayed in technological management to stimulate the innovative initiatives of technological staff, with a strict and appropriate policy system established.

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Full Project System and Management Tool Applied in Pilot Study Zhang Quanli, Wang Hongwei, Ma Rutao, Tang Chunjing 2017, 36(4): 9-14.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2017.04.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (1795KB) ( )   CNPC Drilling Research Institute started a pilot research project of “Rigless Drilling and Exploration Technology” to experiment a management model of full project system. The pilot research is focused on a series of issue, such as the factors influencing the study area, difficulties to control over investment cost and R&D quality, and uncertainties of technological research progress. Therefore, CNPC Drilling Research Institute adopted a number of measures – perfecting the organizational structure of project system management, defining the responsibilities of work positions and management details, establishing the administratively-authorized manager responsibility system, signing the performance-verifying letter and enhancing the people-oriented examination and stimulation mechanisms. Those measures reduce the managerial levels, promote the initiative of projects and maximize allocation and utilization of resources. Project management also introduces three applicable advanced management tools, such as responsibility matrix, technology readiness level (TRL) assessments and Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA), improving the methods for project system and raising technological management level and efficiency.

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Suggestions in Management of National Oil and Gas Major Projects Wang Kaiming 2017, 36(4): 15-20.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2017.04.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (1867KB) ( )   The major oil and gas project is a complex and large-scale integrated systematic project. Combining with the management practice of oil and gas development major projects, this paper focuses on some issues related to organization and execution of such projects. Establishment and perfection of various management systems are the fundamental preconditions to operate these projects on the basis of standardization, procedures and regulations, thus favorable to division of authorization and responsibilities for the various departments and at the various levels. A series of measures holds the key to high-efficiency operation of the projects, such as standardization of operational process, the uniformity of rights with responsibilities, the mechanism for performing duties, division of professional work, and the managerial pattern for teamwork. These effective measures enhanced coordination among the different units and different departments, overcame such shortcomings as inefficient conveyance of information, sluggish decision-making action and low-efficiency operation, kept the projects in order and high-efficiency operation, established sharing platforms for data and technology, accelerated exchange of internal information of the projects, promoted the synergy effects, and improved research quality and management efficiency for the projects. Enhancement of fine process management is an important method for strict quality control and progress control. It calls for continuous perfection of management system, optimization of management process, control over key time nodes, reinforcement of fine management in daily operational process, and enhancement of joint management for full-process follow-up and examination.

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Research on Operational Evaluation Index System of CNPC Key Laboratories Liu Jia, Niu Liquan, Li Xi, Fu Xiaoqing, Wei Zhiping, Li Jianjun 2017, 36(4): 21-25.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2017.04.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (1688KB) ( )   It is important to study the operational evaluation index system of key laboratories suitable to meet the company’s actual demand. According to investigation of the evaluation management methods for key laboratories operated by the ministries and commissions and with respects to CNPC characteristics, this article comes up with the evaluation targets and evaluation principles for operation of the company’s key laboratories. The evaluation index system was established on the basis of the research, which centers three key elements – “results, talents and management.” The system includes three evaluating indexes – the levels and contributions of research results, cultivation of talents and teams as well as the levels of foreign cooperation and operational management. The operational evaluation process is an integration of inquiry, on-site inspection and interview with working staff. This evaluation index system highlights the quality and level of achievements, attaches importance to original innovation and intellectual properties of laboratories, encourages and attracts the world’s first-class talents to work for laboratories and emphasizes the integrity of original experimental records. The system has achieved good results in the practice, confirming the scientific properties and reasonability of those evaluation indexes.

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Performance Management of Natural Gas Science and Technology Innovation Strategy---Take Southwest Oil and Gas Field for Example Gu Sui, Li Linhong, Zhou Xiaoling, Huang Mei, Li Pu, Wang Xiuying 2017, 36(4): 26-30.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2017.04.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (1860KB) ( )   To promote science and technology innovation strategy, PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gas Field Company focuses on the strategy performance management theory and uses the balanced integral card as performance management tool to establish the performance management pattern for the natural gas science and technology innovation. A series of strategic targets has been defined, such as the general technological innovation strategy, technological integration, application for production, research and development system, and security. The performance of the natural gas science and technology innovation strategy is evaluated by means of carving the strategic targets into the key elements, mapping the strategies, determining the key performance indicators, and building a multidimensional index and method system. In the process of evaluation, it is necessary to organize management well, evaluate process management, and emphasize feedback and performance incentives, making management process more detailed and management evaluation and feedback more practical and meaningful.

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Evaluate Technological Innovative Options of Petroleum Enterprises from Multidimensional Perspectives Pi Guanglin, Guang Xinjun, Wang Minsheng, Ye Haichao, Yan Na 2017, 36(4): 31-36.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2017.04.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (2166KB) ( )   An appropriate technological innovative option is of great realistic significance to stimulating technological development of petroleum enterprises and improving their market competitiveness. Based on the technological innovation practice of Chinese and foreign petroleum companies, this article puts forth 12 technological innovative options from the angle of technological sources (independent innovation, imitation-based innovation, guided innovation, technological cooperation, joint venture for technology, technological merger and acquisition, technological license, risk investment, technological improvement, outsource of innovation, and withdrawal option). Three areas are taken into account – technological capacity of an enterprise, degree of technological demand from an enterprise, and technological development stage. The article also analyzes the factors influencing petroleum enterprises to make technological innovative options. The model of petroleum enterprises’ technological innovative options is made on the basis of the analysis. The priority and stand-by technological innovative options are also brought under discussion according to the different technological conditions. The expert consultation method and the principle of maximum membership degree are proposed to determine a single technological innovation option. Taking Sinopec’s efforts for development of rotary steering drilling system as an example, the article elaborates the concrete process of making technological innovative options of petroleum enterprises, thus confirming the validity of the model.

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Comparison, Analysis and Improvement Options of Chinese Petroleum Enterprises’ Technological Innovation Efficiency ---Evaluation Based on Malmquist Model Yu Xiaozhong, Zhong Shuli, Yang Yang, Gao Qingxin 2017, 36(4): 37-43.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2017.04.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (3035KB) ( )   The “One Belt One Road” strategy provides the Chinese enterprises with development opportunities. As the main force of “One Belt and One Road” construction and under the impact of the current domestic and foreign market environment, the petroleum enterprises should commit their efforts to technological innovation in order to better position themselves for the challenges and opportunities. Based on the indexes of investment and results, the article elaborates the technological innovation efficiency of China’s big-three oil companies – CNPC, Sinopec and CNOOC. Malmquist index and its decomposed indexes are used to compare with the technological innovation efficiency of 10 large-scale and medium-size State-owned enterprises in the different sectors between 2007 and 2016. Comparisons are also brought under dynamic and static analysis. The study indicates that the technological innovation efficiency of the three oil majors is in the middle of those State-owned enterprises and has a certain development space. It is proposed to make full use of technological resources and improve technological innovation efficiency of petroleum enterprises in the areas of promoting development of technological innovation system and establishment of long-term cooperative mechanism, accurately using the key technologies and dynamically following up frontier technology, and making research efforts, attaching importance to development and incentives of talents.

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Application of Monte Carlo in Oil and Gas Exploration Project Decision Making Wang Yigang, Xu Zhongmei, Cao Jin, Li Zhihao 2017, 36(4): 44-48.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2017.04.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (1940KB) ( )   Genetic algorithm, based on deterministic economic evaluation of exploration project, has been widely adopted in modern portfolio optimization, with its advantages actually recognized. However, some economic evaluation parameters of the project may be varied vastly during the evaluation, especially for those exploration projects with long-life cycle. Obviously, These uncertain factors can affect the accuracy of the portfolio analysis. In view of this situation, the author introduced the Monte Carlo method in the portfolio calculation, which is based on uncertain economic evaluation. Fully considering the variety situation of the parameters change, such as oil and gas production, oil and gas prices and geologic risk, the method carries on optimized portfolio analysis by massive Monte Carlo simulation with possible economic evaluation results. The application of portfolio optimization of 14 exploration projects in Bohai Bay Basin shows that this method, considering the uncertain economic evaluation results, can deal with portfolio optimization of multi-objects well, and the analysis results are more objective and reasonable.

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Targets and Directions of Oil and Gas Technological Innovation against Long-term Low Oil Prices BackgroundIndustry Xian Chenggang 2017, 36(4): 49-56.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2017.04.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (6587KB) ( )   This article makes briefings about the basic background of oil and gas industry. It is predicted that oil prices will fluctuate dramatically at a relatively low level in a long period of time. Non-conventional oil and gas production, with a good development momentum, is kept stable in North America. Continual creations in technology, management and market are three key elements for a long-term healthy development of non-conventional oil and gas. The oil and gas resources are complicated in China. Effective development of various non-conventional oil and gas resources calls for higher technological and economic indexes. It is of great significance to reduction of cost for each barrel of oil. This is the general direction of technological innovation. Digitalization is the main dynamic power for technological innovation. New technologies and emerging technological industries, based on data, can help traditional technology take off for another time. The returns can be maximized from high automation and intelligence of oil and gas field development.

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Present Conditions and Prospect for Upstream Spending of Global Petroleum Industry Zhang Hujun, An Qi’er, Zhu Ming, Qu Debin 2017, 36(4): 57-65.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2017.04.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (3866KB) ( )   Global oil companies have cut their upstream spending since slump in oil prices in the latter half of 2014. Upstream spending will gradually grow with the rise of oil prices. To some extent, the pace and trend for the rise of upstream spending are based on changes in global oil demand and price fluctuations. This is also the important basis for oil companies to make decisions on their production and business. According to the studies made by IHS, BP and EIA, oil price has broken out of its trough and will start to rise in slow fluctuations. The oil industry, as a whole, enters into a “cautiously optimistic” period. Oil companies have made remarkable achievements in their cost-effective measures thanks to low oil prices, with business spending kept falling. The cost for non-conventional oil and gas development was reduced nearly 30 percent in the United States while the operational period of offshore projects was shorten dramatically. Most of international oil companies can maintain their efforts for cost reduction. With oil prices kept stable, global upstream spending will rise steadily in next few years. From a short-term prospective, non-conventional oil and gas spending will grow rapidly in North America while the medium-term growth is in the areas of deepwater, compact oil and liquid natural gas. However, spending for offshore projects remains sliding for one or two years.