Abstract: This paper analyzed energy strategies and policies of the United States, European Union, Japan, and other main energy consumers and importers, summarized measures and characteristics including energy saving, diversification, legal system, marketing mechanism, strategy reserve, technical improvement and external affairs. Enlightenment and suggestions were proposed for China in view of its rising energy import and external dependence, for instance, establishing complete national energy strategy management system strategically, comprehensively using all kings of means to intensify requirement management and enhance energy efficiency, increasing diversity of energy types, import sources and supply channels, improving reserve capacity and setting up complete comprehensive management system for energy emergency, stressing on international cooperation and promoting the establishment of more stable world energy supply system.

Key words: energy strategy, energy security, developed country, enlightenment

摘要： 分析了美国、欧盟、日本等世界主要能源消费、进口国家(或组织)的能源战略与政策,归纳总结了节能优先、多元发展、健全法制、重视市场、加强储备、技术创新、内外并举等措施和特点。针对我国能源进口量快速增长、对外依存度持续上升的紧迫形势,提出了相应的启示性意见和建议,如:从战略高度构建完备的国家能源战略管理体系;综合运用各种手段加强需求侧管理、提高能源效率;提高能源类型、进口来源和供应渠道的多元化水平;提高储备能力,建立完备的能源应急综合管理系统;重视国际合作,促进建立更加稳定的世界能源供应体系。

关键词: 能源战略, 能源安全, 发达国家, 启示