Abstract: Unconventional oil and gas reserves, such as tight sandstone oil and gas, coalbed methane and shale gas, are becoming an important area for reserve growth at the present time and in the future. Hydraulic fracturing is an indispensible technology for unconventional oil and gas development. Microseismic monitoring can provide dynamic distribution of fractural network at real time while guiding hydraulic fracturing operation and appraising fracturing results. GeoEast-ESP bring about integration of acquisition, processing and interpretation of borehole and surface microseismic data during real-time monitoring, making technological breakthroughs in optimization of velocity model, noise suppression and real-time positioning. It shows the technology for noise attenuation and signal enhancement based on low signal-noise ratio microseismic signals and increases the on-field timeliness of automatic first arrival picking and positioning in microseismic events. It can combine the real-time monitoring results with fracturing curves as well as logging and seismic data for integrated interpretation. The positioning time under borehole monitoring is less than three seconds while the time under surface monitoring is less than 30 seconds. The on-field monitoring results can be submitted within 24 hours with the positioning error limited to less than 10 meters. This software package has been used in hydraulic fracturing operations for more than 200 wells at 17 oil and gas fields in China, providing technological support for adjustment of operational parameters and optimization of fracturing plans.

Key words: hydraulic fracturing, microseismic monitoring, microseismic event, first arrival picking, positioning, fractures

摘要： 致密砂岩油气、煤层气、页岩气等非常规油气资源正成为当前及未来储量增长的重点,水力压裂是非常规油气开发必不可少的一项技术,微地震监测能够实时提供裂缝网络动态展布,指导水力压裂施工并评估压裂效果。GeoEast-ESP系统实现了微地震井中和地面实时监测的采集、处理解释一体化,在速度模型优化、噪声压制、实时定位等方面取得技术突破,探索了基于低信噪比微地震信号的去噪及信号增强技术,增强了微地震事件初至的自动拾取及定位的现场实时性,具备将监测成果与压裂曲线、测井、地震资料等综合解释的能力。井中监测现场定位时间小于3s,地面监测定位时间小于30s,24h内提交现场监测成果,定位误差在10m以内。已在国内17个油气田实时监测200多井1000多层段的水力压裂,为施工参数调整、优化压裂方案提供了技术保障。

关键词: 水力压裂, 微地震监测, 微地震事件, 初至拾取, 定位, 裂缝