Abstract: Great changes have taken place in the situation both at home and abroad since the 21^st century. It is necessary to understand the importance of how to keep a sustainable and effective petroleum industrial development which is related to national security. This paper make an in-depth analysis of opportunities and challenges in development of petroleum enterprises from such angles as changes in global oil supply and demand situation in the new period, slump and fluctuation of international oil prices, China’s national economic adjustment, and conversion of energy industry. It also come up with a series of constructive suggestions: making tenacious efforts for oil and gas exploration, depending on technological progress and managerial creation to offset impact of low oil prices, bringing about cost-effective development, taking opportunities for acceleration of overseas business development, meeting market changes to accelerate downstream industrial structural adjustment, and continuing to strengthen reform for benefits acquired from creative systems and mechanisms.

摘要： 进入21世纪，国内外形势发生了深刻变化，石油工业作为维系国家安危的产业如何持续有效发展，需清醒认识、有效应对。从新时期世界石油供需格局的变化、国际油价暴跌震荡、我国国民经济调整、能源行业转型升级等方面深入分析了石油企业的发展机遇和遇到的挑战，对可持续有效发展提出一系列建设性意见:要着眼根本，坚持油气勘探工作不放松；依靠技术进步和管理创新应对低油价，促进开发业务降本增效；抓住机遇，加快海外业务发展的布局与调整；适应市场变化，加快下游产业结构调整；继续深化改革，挖掘体制机制创新红利等。

关键词: 能源, 发展环境, 石油企业, 可持续发展