Abstract: China’s coal-dominated energy structure cannot be changed in a short period of time because the nation's resources are characterized zed in“ abundant coal, shortage of oil and inadequate quantity of gas”. Appropriate development of the coal-to-oil industry by means of innovative technology is of great strategic significance to solving China’s shortage of oil resources and securing the country’s energy supply. China has made a substantial progress in its coal-to-oil industry in recent years. The sector is satisfactory for its scale and economic performance. Particularly, the important breakthroughs were made in independent research and development of key coal-to-oil technology and equipment, enabling the nation to stand on the world’s forefront. However, the country still faces some problems, such as the prices of coal and oil, water consumption, energy consumption, and operational cost of investment. From the viewpoint of long-term development, coal-to-oil can be used as an important way for the nation to improve its independent capacity to secure oil supply in the emergency cases. In the principles of“ focusing on technology ahead of time, bringing the total volume under control and pursuing a healthy development”, this sector is supposed to develop itself in harmony with traditional energy, in coupling with the clean energy industrial distribution, in healthy reciprocation with traditional petrochemical industry, and in production of a new CCUS momentum. The coal-to-oil sector can fully maintain the nation’s energy security if necessary. At the usual time, oil products and chemicals should be brought under unified arrangement and produced jointly according to the market demands, and switch flexibly to keep the operational sustainability of coal-to-oil facilities.

Key words: coal-to-oil; energy security; petroleum and natural gas; harmonious development

摘要： 我国“富煤、缺油、少气”的资源禀赋条件，决定了以煤为主体的能源结构短期内难以改变，采用创新技术适度发展煤制油，对解决我国石油资源短缺、提升国家能源安全保障能力具有重大战略意义。近年来，我国煤制油产业发展取得实质性进展，规模效益整体良好，尤其是煤制油关键技术与核心装备自主化研制都取得重大突破，达到世界先进水平。但目前仍然受煤炭和石油价格、水耗能耗、投资运行成本等问题困扰。从长远发展来看，煤制油可作为紧急情形下增强石油自主保障能力的重要途径，按照“技术先行、总量控制、有序发展”的思路，采取与油气等传统能源协同发展、与清洁能源产业布局耦合发展、与传统石化产业良性互补、培育CCUS新动能等措施。在国家急需时全力保障能源安全，平时则油化兼顾联产，灵活切换，保障煤制油装置运行的可持续性。

关键词: 煤制油；能源安全；石油天然气；协同发展