提高采收率技术创新支撑我国原油产量长期稳产

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2021.03.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 提高采收率技术已成为我国油田开发可持续发展和高质量发展的重中之重。在国家科技重大专项等项目的带动下，依靠持续自主创新，我国陆上油田已形成精细水驱、化学驱、稠油热采、气驱、微生物驱等提高采收率理论技术系列，总体处于国际领先水平，在大庆、长庆、胜利、辽河、新疆和大港等油田成功实现工业推广应用，为保障国家原油产量长期稳产发挥了重大作用。文章系统总结了提高采收率技术取得的创新成果及突破性成就：精细水驱推动老油田水驱技术升级，对延缓产量递减发挥重要作用；化学驱理论技术多方位持续创新，技术水平和应用规模保持世界前列，其中聚合物驱在大庆油田二类油层矿场提高采收率约14%，二元复合驱表面活性剂关键技术取得突破，矿场提高采收率18%以上，三元复合驱矿场提高采收率20%以上；稠油热采由蒸汽吞吐向蒸汽驱、SAGD和火驱技术跨越发展；注气形成较成熟的配套技术，矿场取得良好增油效果，具备5~10年上产千万吨潜力；微生物驱核心技术取得突破，矿场提高采收率7%以上。针对低油价、降本增效和节能环保等新形势新要求，我国提高采收率技术需持续加强基础理论研究，不断升级核心技术、探索颠覆性技术，加大试验和工业化力度，为保障国家石油安全发挥更大作用。

关键词: 提高采收率, 精细水驱, 化学驱, 气驱, 稠油热采, 微生物驱

Abstract: Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technologies have become the top priority of sustainable and high-quality oilfield development in China. Driving by the national key special technological projects and relying on continuous independent innovation, China’s onshore oilfields have formed a series of EOR theories and technologies, such as fine water flooding, chemical flooding, heavy oil thermal recovery, gas flooding and microbial flooding, which are generally at the international leading level. They have been successfully applied in Daqing, Changqing, Shengli, Liaohe, Xinjiang and Dagang oilfields, and played an important role in ensuring the long-term stable production of national crude oil. This paper systematically summarizes the innovation-based achievements and breakthroughs in the area of EOR technology. Fine water flooding upgraded the water flooding technology of old oilfields, playing an important role in slowing down the production decline. The chemical flooding theory and technology were continually innovated in many aspects so that the technological level and application scale were on the forefront of the world. Particularly, the polymer flooding technology enhanced oil recovery of Class II oil layers about 14 percent in Daqing Oilfield, while, the data is more than 20 percent for ASP compound system flooding technology. Thermal recovery for heavy oil has developed rapidly from the steam huff and puff technology to the steam flooding, SAGD and fire flooding technologies. Gas injection technology has formed a relatively mature supporting technology, and the field has achieved good oil production effect, with the potential of producing 10 million tons in 5-10 years. Microbial flooding has made the breakthrough in the core technology, and the field EOR is more than 7 percent. In view of the new situation and requirements of low oil price, cost reduction and efficiency increase, energy conservation and environmental protection, China’s EOR technology needs to continuously strengthen the basic theoretical research, constantly upgrade the core technology, explore disruptive technology, and increase the strength of experiment and industrialization, so as to play a greater role in ensuring national oil security.

中图分类号:

袁士义　王强　李军诗　高明　韩海水. 提高采收率技术创新支撑我国原油产量长期稳产[J]. 石油科技论坛, 2021, 40(3): 24-32.

Yuan Shiyi, Wang Qiang, Li Junshi, Gao Ming, Han Haishui. EOR Technological Innovation Keeps China’s Crude Oil Production Stable on Long-term Basis[J]. Petroleum Science and Technology Forum, 2021, 40(3): 24-32.

参考文献

[1]　袁士义,王强.中国油田开发主体技术新进展与展望[J].石油勘探与开发,2018,45(4):657-668. Yuan Shiyi, Wang Qiang. New progress and prospect of oilfields development technologies in China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2018, 45(4): 657-668.
[2]　廖广志,马德胜,王正茂,等.油田开发重大试验实践与认识[M].北京：石油工业出版社,2018:328,581-600． Liao Guangzhi, Ma Desheng, Wang Zhengmao, et al. Practice and theory of industrial & pilot test in oilfield development[M]. Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2018:328,581-600.
[3]　廖广志,王连刚,王正茂. 重大开发试验实践及启示[J].石油科技论坛,2019,38(2):1-10. Liao Guangzhi, Wang Liangang, Wang Zhengmao. Practice and reflection of important development experiments[J]. Oil Forum,2019,38(2):1-10.
[4]　廖广志,王强,王红庄,等.化学驱开发现状与前景展望[J].石油学报,2017,38(2):196-207. Liao Guangzhi, Wang Qiang, Wang Hongzhuang, et al. Chemical flooding development status and prospect[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(2):196-207.
[5]　马德胜,王强,王正波,等.提高采收率[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2019:184-189. Ma Desheng, Wang Qiang, Wang Zhengbo, et al. Enhanced oil recovery[M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press,2019: 184-189.
[6]　袁士义.化学驱和微生物驱提高石油采收率的基础研究[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2010:1-12． Yuan Shiyi. Fundamental study on enhanced oil recovery by chemical flooding and microbial flooding[M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press,2010:1-12.
[7]　计秉玉,王友启,聂俊,等.中国石化提高采收率技术研究进展与应用[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(4):572-576. Ji Bingyu, Wang Youqi, Nie Jun, et al. Research progress and application of EOR techniques in SINOPEC[J]. Oil & Gas Geology,2016,37(4)：572-576.
[8]　王元基,何江川,廖广志,等.国内火驱技术发展历程与应用前景[J].石油学报,2012,33(5):909-914. Wang Yuanji, He Jiangchuan, Liao Guangzhi, et al. Overview on the development history of combustion drive and its application[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2012, 35(5): 909-914.
[9]　袁士义,王强,李军诗,等.注气提高采收率技术进展及前景展望[J].石油学报,2020,41(12):1623-1632. Yuan Shiyi, Wang Qiang, Li Junshi, et al. Technology progress and prospects of enhanced oil recovery by gas injection[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2020,41(12):1623-1632.
[10] 廖广志,王正茂.新一代高效、低成本、绿色注空气开发技术进展[J].石油科技论坛,2020,39(2):59-66. Liao Guangzhi, Wang Zhengmao. High-efficiency, low-cost and green air injection development technology of new generation[J]. Petroleum Science and Technology Forum,2020,39(2):59-66.
[11] 袁士义. 二氧化碳减排、储存和资源化利用的基础研究论文集[M].北京：石油工业出版社,2014:1-7,319-332． Yuan Shiyi. Fundamental research of emission reduction, storage and resource utilization of carbon dioxide[M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press,2014:1-7,319-332．
[12] 袁士义.注气提高油田采收率技术文集[M].北京：石油工业出版社,2016:1-15． Yuan Shiyi. Collected works of enhanced oil recovery technology by gas injection[M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press,2016:1-15.
[13] 胡永乐,郝明强,陈国利.注二氧化碳提高石油采收率技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2018:1-40. Hu Yongle, Hao Mingqiang, Chen Guoli. Technology of enhanced oil recovery by carbon dioxide[M].Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press,2018:1-40.
[14] 秦积舜,韩海水,刘晓蕾.美国CO2驱油技术应用及启示[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(2):209-216. Qin Jishun, Han Haishui, Liu Xiaolei. Application and enlightenment of carbon dioxide flooding in the United States of America[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(2):209-216.
[15] 韩海水,袁士义,李实,等.二氧化碳在链状烷烃中的溶解性能及膨胀效应[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(1):88-93. Han Haishui, Yuan Shiyi, Li Shi, et al. Dissolving capacity and volume expansion of carbon dioxide in chain n-alkanes[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(1):88-93.
[16] 王正茂,廖广志,蒲万芬,等.注空气开发中地层原油氧化反应特征[J].石油学报,2018,39(3):314-319. Wang Zhengmao, Liao Guangzhi, Pu Wanfen, et al. Oxidation reaction features of formation crude oil in air injection development[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2018,39(3):314-319.
[17] 胡文瑞,魏漪,鲍敬伟.中国低渗透油气藏开发理论与技术进展[J].石油勘探与开发,2018,45(4):646-656. Hu Wenrui, Wei Yi, Bao Jingwei. Development of the theory and technology for low permeability reservoirs in China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2018, 45(4): 646-656.