Abstract: This paper studies the predictions made by the domestic and foreign typical institutions on China’s total energy consumption and structure between 2030 and 2050 and analyzes the nation’s energy consumption development both at the present and in the future. Taking into account China’s high energy consumption and focusing on the goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, this paper comes up with the scientific contents of constructing the modern energy system, namely the modern energy system characterized in “green electricity serving as a mainstay”. Development of comprehensive energy is the pathway for the modern energy system. Focusing on the prominent issues of energy security and efficiency this paper proposes the key measures and pathways for construction of the modern energy system, such as formulating the decarbonization goals at various stage while taking a number of measures to improve energy-saving efficiency for the energy consumption side and constructing a multi-element clean energy supply system in the energy production side. Meanwhile, it is necessary to secure energy supply, accelerate high-quality development of energy, promote replacement of electric energy in some areas, raise the electrification level, expand application of the CCUS technology, create a new engine for negative carbon economy, and improve the carbon-collecting capacity of the ecological system.

摘要： 研究国内外典型机构对中国2030—2050年能源消费总量及结构的预测，分析中国当前和未来能源消费发展。考虑中国能源消费总量大、能耗高现状，围绕碳达峰碳中和目标，提出构建现代能源体系的科学内涵，即“绿电为核心”是现代能源体系的特征，发展综合能源是现代能源体系的路径。针对保证能源安全性与经济性的突出问题，提出了构建现代能源体系的关键举措和现实路径：制定减碳阶段目标，能源消费侧多措并举强化节能增效，能源生产侧建成多元清洁能源供应体系；保障能源安全，推动能源高质量发展；推动多领域电能替代，提高电气化水平；推广应用碳捕集利用与封存技术，打造负碳经济新引擎，提升生态系统碳汇能力。

关键词: 现代能源体系, 碳达峰, 碳中和, 碳排放