Abstract: Geothermal energy is an important renewable energy. It is also one of renewable energies focused in China's 14th Five-year Plan. China has topped the world in direct utilization of geothermal energy for many years. However, China is still left behind the advanced foreign countries in the area of development and utilization technology used in middle to deep layer geothermal fields.Currently, global geothermal startups are experiencing rapid growth with more efforts invested in development of geothermal resource. There is a variety of scenarios for geothermal energy utilization. With the installed capacity of geothermal power growing steadily, significant progress has been made in development and utilization technology. Concretely, the achievements have been reflected in four areas. (1) The design technology is gradually matured for the middle to deep layer closed heat exchange system. (2) A historic breakthrough is made in EGS technology, which has a great potential for utilization. (3) Many countries have attached importance to the role of aquifer thermal energy storage in making up the imbalance between energy supply and demand. They accelerated the study in the related areas, such as selection of the sites for aquifer thermal heat storage, heat recovery rate and risks analysis. (4) Re-injection has become a common practice for development of middle to deep layer aquifer geothermal fields. The latest technology of re-injection numerical simulation and well design, anti-corrosion, anti-scaling and anti-clogging has effectively extended the life cycle of geothermal fields. Under the background of “dual carbon” goal, China should regard the study of key technologies as the main breakthrough for development of new quality productive forces while rapidly modernizing the development and utilization technology of middle to deep layer geothermal fields and effectively improving the economic feasibility of geothermal projects, bringing about a sustainable growth in geothermal utilization.

Key words: carbon neutrality; new quality productive forces; geothermal energy; middle to deep layer closed heat exchange; aquifer thermal energy storage; re-injection

摘要： 地热能是重要的可再生能源，是我国“十四五”期间重点发展的可再生能源之一。我国地热能直接利用量连续多年保持世界第一，但中深层地热田开发利用技术与国外先进水平尚有差距。当前全球地热初创公司快速增长，地热资源开发力度持续加大，地热能利用场景多样化，地热发电装机容量稳步增长，开发利用技术取得较大进展。具体表现为4个方面：（1） 中深层闭式换热系统设计技术逐渐成熟；（2） EGS技术取得历史性突破，应用潜力巨大；（3） 多国重视含水层储热在弥补能源供需不平衡上的作用，加快推进含水层储热场址选择、热回收率及风险分析等方面的研究；（4） 回灌成为中深层水热型热储开发的通用做法，回灌数值模拟及方案设计、防腐蚀、防结垢、防堵塞等技术进步有效延长了地热田的生命周期。“双碳”背景下，我国应将关键技术研发作为发展新质生产力的主要突破口，快速升级中深层地热田开发利用技术，有效提升地热项目经济性，实现地热利用规模持续增长。

关键词: 碳中和；新质生产力；地热能；中深层闭式换热；含水层储热；回灌