管输企业应对“卡脖子”技术的发展策略

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2019.06.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在当前复杂的国际形势下，中国企业唯有迎难而上，在重大核心技术上取得突破和领先，才能在发展中不受制于人，乃至掌握大国之间竞争的主动权。中国石油管道公司认真贯彻国家科技创新发展战略，主动加强瓶颈问题攻关，已基本掌握油气储运领域大部分核心技术，关键设备基本实现国产化，有效减少了对国外技术和产品的依赖，部分技术达到国际先进甚至领先。管道完整性标准和核心技术引领行业发展，压气站一键启停技术实现场站高度自动化管理，管道泄漏监测与安全预警技术可有效管控外部风险，主要管道化学添加剂实现自主研发。但在部分关键设备零部件、管道内检测、管网调控及仿真优化运行、维抢修技术和设备、信息系统安全等方面仍然存在短板，一旦受到技术封锁，会对管道建设及运行安全产生不同程度的影响。为此，应加快推进受限设备国产化，持续改进已实现国产化设备的技术性能，完善配套管理制度，加强应用基础研究，分级解锁销项“卡脖子”技术清单，保障管输企业高质量稳健发展。

关键词: 油气管道；&ldquo, 卡脖子&rdquo, 技术；技术壁垒；科技创新；设备国产化

Abstract: Under the current complicated international situation, the Chinese enterprises have to overcome difficulties and make breakthroughs in the important key technology so that they can take the initiative in competition among the powers without being controlled by others in business development. PetroChina Pipelines Company implemented the nation’s technological innovation development strategy, actively enhanced the study of bottleneck technology and basically owned most of the core technologies in the oil and gas storage and transmission area. The key equipment has been basically localized with some technologies becoming the international leaders, effectively reducing dependence on foreign technologies and products. The company leads the industry in terms of the pipeline integrity standards and core technology. One key start-up/shutdown technology of compressor stations highly automates fields and stations while pipeline leaking detection and safety warning technology can effectively control external risks. The main chemical additives for pipelines came under independent research and development. However, weakness still remained in such areas as accessories of some key equipment, internal inspection of pipelines, network adjustment and optimized operation of simulation, maintenance and repair technology and equipment, and safety of information system. The blockade of such technologies will affect pipeline construction and operation to some extents. Therefore, it is necessary to accelerate localization of bottleneck equipment, continually improve technological functions of localized equipment, perfect the relative management systems, focus on applied basic research, unlock the bottleneck technologies on the list at various levels, and maintain a highquality and healthy development of pipelines companies.

Key words: oil and gas pipelines, “bottleneck&rdquo, technology, technological barriers, technological innovation, localization of equipment

中图分类号:

王振声　董红军　陈朋超　王禹钦　马江涛. 管输企业应对“卡脖子”技术的发展策略[J]. 石油科技论坛, 2019, 38(6): 1-5.

Wang Zhensheng, Dong Hongjun, Chen Pengchao, Wang Yuqin, Ma Jiangtao. Development Strategy of Pipeline Company to Deal with “Bottleneck” Technology[J]. Petroleum Science and Technology Forum, 2019, 38(6): 1-5.

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