关键词: 页岩气, 煤层气, 政策困境, 矿业权, 管理机制, 对策建议

Abstract: China’s unconventional natural gas exploration and development has experienced a rapid development in recent years. Remarkable achievements were made in CBM exploration, with the output growing steadily. Important breakthroughs were also made in shale gas exploration, with the output rising rapidly. China’s unconventional natural gas, such as shale gas and CBM, has the basis and potential of resources for sustainable and rapid development. However, the prospect for development is full of uncertainties. The policy dilemma and existing problems have become the bottlenecks affecting development of unconventional resources. These bottlenecks are concentrated in five areas -- distribution of royalties, overlapping of royalties, policies on resources management, follow-up and coordinating policies, and policy support mechanism and method. To enhance development of unconventional resources and increase the reserves and production, in addition to continual efforts for research on key technology and engineering equipment, it is of urgency to accelerate construction of a systematic, integrated, long-term, stable and coordinating system of policies for development of unconventional natural gas resources. It is proposed that the concrete countermeasures should be far-sighted and have a clear-cut strategic position. The competitive transfer of royalty should be further deregulated to promote movement and transfer of royalty and stimulate investment. The management mechanism of oil and gas royalty should be innovated in the efforts to find out a royalty management pattern that is in line with the characteristics of unconventional resources, thus promoting integrated prospecting and production of energy resources. It is necessary to perfect the policy support mechanism and substantially promote development on the basis of standardizing resources development. The profit-sharing mechanism for unconventional resources development should be reformed and perfected to bring the initiative of energy involvement into full play. With the greater efforts for supervision, the central and local government should formulate a new joint supervision system mechanism to highlight specialization level of supervision.