长庆油田页岩油水平井体积压裂技术发展与应用

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-302x.2022.03.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 水平井体积压裂技术是实现页岩油气高效开发的关键。文章回顾近10年长庆油田页岩油水平井体积压裂技术发展历程，系统总结了体积压裂改造模式、关键工具、低成本材料3方面取得的主要新进展。创新形成了“立体式、长水平段、细分切割、分簇射孔、可溶球座、变黏滑溜水、多尺度支撑”体积压裂开发技术模式。提出了“压增渗”一体化设计，由单一压裂向造缝、增能、驱油三位一体升级，压裂过程中兼顾增加地层能量和加快油水渗吸置换，实现单井缝控储量最大化一次动用。配套自主研发细分切割可溶金属球座和动态暂堵转向新材料，多功能变黏滑溜水和不同粒径组合石英砂可提高多尺度裂缝渗吸置换效率与缝网长期导流能力。该技术在长庆油田规模应用450余口页岩油水平井，初期产量由9.6t/d提高到18t/d，年累计产油量由2380t提高到4931t，单井EUR由1.8×10⁴t提高到2.6×10⁴t，2019年产油量突破100×10⁴t，2020年建成庆城页岩油百万吨示范区。研究成果可为页岩油水平井体积压裂技术进步提供科学依据。

关键词: 鄂尔多斯盆地, 页岩油, 体积压裂, 细分切割, 体积开发

Abstract: Horizontal well volume fracturing technology holds the key to high-efficiency shale oil development. This paper reviews the development process of shale oil horizontal well volume fracturing technology at Changqing Oilfield in the past decade and summarizes the new progress in the three areas – volume fracturing transformation pattern, key tools and low-cost materials. The innovative efforts lead to the volume development technological model, namely the “three-dimensional, long horizontal section, subdivision cutting, cluster perforation, soluble ball seat, variable sticky slippery water slip, multi-scale support” model. The paper also comes up with the “pressure-increases-permeability” integrated design to make single fracturing become a trinity of making fractures, increasing energy and displacing oil. The formation energy is increased and oil and water permeability replacement accelerated in the fracturing process, thus maximizing the primary producing degree of the single-well fracture-controlled reserves. The new materials are independently developed, such as soluble metal ball seats and dynamic temporary plugging materials. The multi-functional variable viscosity slippery water and combinations of different granular quartz sand can improve permeability and conductivity of fractures in different sizes. The research results were applied to more than 450 shale oil horizontal wells at Changqing Oilfield. The initial production was raised to 18t/d from 9.6t/d. The annual cumulative oil production was boosted to 4931 tons from 2380 tons. The single-well EUR was brought up to 2.6×104t from 1.8×10⁴t. The annual oil production topped 100×10⁴t in 2019. The Qingcheng 1-million-ton shale oil demonstration zone was constructed in 2020. The research results provided the scientific basis for development of horizontal well volume fracturing technology.

中图分类号:

TE357

石道涵　张矿生　唐梅荣　陶亮　杜现飞. 长庆油田页岩油水平井体积压裂技术发展与应用[J]. 石油科技论坛, 2022, 41(3): 10-17.

Shi Daohan, Zhang Kuangsheng, Tang Meirong, Tao Liang, Du Xianfei. Development and Application of Shale Oil Horizontal Well Volume Fracturing Technology in Changqing Oilfield[J]. Petroleum Science and Technology Forum, 2022, 41(3): 10-17.

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